8册练习文本

  AUDIO SCRIPT    
   
BOOK EIGHT, LESSON ONE

N:    This is Lesson One. Connie,
   Steven, and Jake are having a
   meeting.    
   Listen to the conversation. There
   are two words that begin with the
   letter h. Listen carefully for these
   two words that begin with h.
CONNIE:    Oh, no. Kathy's sick?
   What's wrong?    
STEVEN:    She'll be OK, but she could
   be away for months.
JAKE:    You'll need help while
   Maria is away.    
STEVEN:    Who can we hire? Any ideas?
N:    Now, what are the two words
   that begin with the letter h?
F:    The words are help and hire.
N:    Now listen and repeat.
F:    you'll need help    
   while Maria is away
   You'll need help while Maria is
   away.    
   You'll need help while Maria is
   away.    
N:    OK. I say, "Help." And you
   say.. .    
F:    You'll need help while Maria is
   away.    
N:    I say, "Kathy." And you say . . .
F:    You'll need help while Kathy is
   away.    
N:    Ready? Let's begin. Help.
F:    You'll need help while Maria is
   away.    
N:    Kathy.    
F:    You'll need help while Kathy is
   away.    
N:    Sick.    
           
F:    You'll need help while Kathy is sick.
N:    A new assistant.    
F:    You'll need a new assistant while
   Kathy is sick.    
N:    We.    
F:    We'll need a new assistant while
   Kathy is sick.    
N:    Out.    
F:    We'll need a new assistant while
   Kathy is out.    
N:    Hire.    
F:    We'll hire a new assistant while
   Kathy is out.    
N:    Now let's listen to some more of
   the meeting where Jake, Connie,
   and Steven talk about hiring an
   assistant. Who are they talking

   about? Listen for a name.
CONNIE:    Patricia Woo is looking for
   ajob now.
STEVEN:    How much experience has
   she had in television?
CONNIE:    She worked for a newspaper
   last year.
N:    OK. Who are Connie and
   Steven talking about?
F:    Patricia Woo.
N:    Now listen and repeat.
F:    she worked
   she worked for a newspaper
   She worked for a newspaper last
   year.
   She worked for a newspaper last
   year.
N:    I say, "Patricia works for a
   newspaper now." And you
   say.. .
F:    No, she doesn't. She worked for
   a newspaper last year.
N:    I say, "Greg is a student at
   Columbia University." And you
   say.. .
F:    No, he isn't. He was a student at
   Columbia University last year.
N:    Change the time from the
   present to the past. Ready? Let's
   begin. Patricia works fQr a
   newspaper now.
F:    No, she doesn't. She worked for
   a newspaper last year.
N:    Greg is a student at Columbia
   University.
F:    No, he isn't. He was a student at
   Columbia University last year.
N:    Jim graduates from Columbia this
   year.
F:    No, he doesn't. He graduated
   from Columbia last year.
N:    Bill and Greg work as
   
   cameramen.
F:    No, they don't. They worked as
   cameramen last year.
N:    John does the evening news at
   WEFL.
F:    No, he doesn't. He did the
   evening news at WEFL last year.
N:    Bob writes the scripts.
F:    No, he doesn't. He wrote the ,
   scripts last year.
N:    OK. Now Maria and Sam Finch
   are having dinner. They're
   talking about Steven. Listen to
   their conversation. Listen
   carefully for a specific year.
SAM:    I like Steven. He's a good
   man. How long has he been


   at WEFL?
MARIA:    Let's see. . . He started in
   1987, so he's worked at
   WEFL for more than five
   years now.
SAM:    Has he always been a
   director?
MARIA:    Yes. He's been a director
   since 1987. Of course while
   I'm out here, he's the
   producer and Mike's the
   director.
SAM:    Well, who's the cameraman?
N:    OK. What specific year did you
   hear? Steven's been a director
   since . . . when?
F:    Since 1987.
N:    Now listen and repeat.
F:    he started
   He started in 1987.
   He started in 1987.
   he's worked
   he's worked at WEFL
   He's worked at WEFL since
   1987.
   He's worked at WEFL since
   1987.
N:    Now you hear. . .
F:    Steven works at WEFL. He
   started in 1987.
N:    And you say. . .
M:    He's worked at WEFL since
   1987.
N:    You hear. . .
F:    Maria is in Aspen. She got there
   on Monday.
N:    And you say. . .
M:    She's been in Aspen since
   Monday.
N:    Ready? Let's go.
F:    Steven works at WEFL. He
   started in 1987.
   
M:    He's worked at WEFL since
   1987.
F:    Maria is in Aspen. She got there
   on Monday.
M:    She's been in Aspen since
   Monday.
F:    Bob and Carol live in Stamford.
   They moved there in August.
M:    They've lived in Stamford since
   August.
F:    Ted and Alice study computer
   programming at New York
   University. They began last fall.
M:    They've studied computer
   programming since last fall.
F:    Maria knows Mike. She met him
   in St. Louis.


169

M:    She's known him since St. Louis.
F:    Jake has an apartment in
   Manhattan. He bought it in
   1988.
M:    He's had an apartment in
   Manhattan since 1988.
F:    Kathy's sick. She began to feel
   bad on Friday afternoon.
M:    She's been sick since Friday
........    afternoon.
N:    Good! Here's some more ofthat
   meeting at WEFL. They're still
   talking about who to hire while
   Kathy is out sick. Who does Jake
   suggest?
JAKE:    I know Patricia. She's
   never worked in television.
   Thomas Jones is good. He
   was a writer at an
   advertising agency in 1990.
   Now he's a writer for a
   magazine.
CONNIE:    But he's never worked in
   news.
N:    Well, who does Jake suggest for
   Kathy's job?
M:    Thomas Jones.
N:    Now listen and repeat.
M:    she's never worked
   She's never worked in television.
   She's never worked in television.
F:    he's never worked
   He's never worked in news.
   He's never worked in news.
N:    Now you hear. . .
M:    Has Patricia worked a lot in
   television?
N:    And you say. . .
F:    No, she hasn't. She's never
   worked in television.
N:    You hear. . .
M:    But Patricia and Greg Olden
   worked together last year, didn't
   they?
N:    And you say. . .
F:    No, they didn't. They've never
   worked together.
N:    OK? Let's begin.
M:    Has Patricia worked a lot in
   television?
F:    No, she hasn't. She's never
   worked in television.
M:    But Patricia and Greg Olden
   worked together last year, didn't
   they?
F:    No, they didn't. They've never
   worked together.
M:    Wasn't Patricia a student at
   Columbia University?
F:    No, she wasn't. She's never been


   a student at Columbia
   University.
M:    Oh, that's right. Kathy studied at
   Columbia, didn't she?
F:    No, she didn't. She's never
   studied at Columbia.
M:    But they lived together in New
   York, right?
F:    No, they didn't. They've never
   lived together in New York.
M:    Well, Thomas Jones has worked
   for a long time in news, hasn't
   he?    
F:    No, he hasn't. He's never
   worked in news.
M:    Thomas really likes Patricia,
   doesn't he?
F:    No, he doesn't. He's never liked
   Patricia.
N:    That's it. This is the end of
   Lesson One.

2

       
BOOK EIGHT, LESSON TWO
N:    This is Lesson Two. Thomas
   Jones's mother is describing her
   son to a reporter. Listen to the
   interview.
REPORTER:    So tell me, Mrs. Jones,
       how long has Thomas
       been a writer?
MRS. JONES:    Since he was a little
       boy. He wrote cute
       stories about animals.
       He was a good writer
       then too.
REPORTER:    He's a terrific writer
       now, that's for sure.
       His articles for Ladies'
       Quarterly are really
       great. Tell me, when
       did he start writing
       professionally?
MRS. JONES:    Let me see . . . I think
       it was in 1985. Yes, of
       course, when he sold
       his first collection of
       short stories, Mysteries
       of Stamford. Yes. He's
       been a professional
       writer for a long time
       now. . . since 1985.
       Most of the time he's
       . worked for himself. You
       know . . . short stories,
       newspaper articles. But
       then for a time there
       was no money in this,
       so in 1990 he took a
       nine-to-five job. He
       

       
       was a writer at an
       advertising agency -
       Cross and Rubicon, I
       think it was - for one
       year.
REPORTER:    That was before he
       took the job at Ladies'
       Quarterly, wasn't it?
MRS. JONES:    Yes. Thomas worked at
       Cross and Rubicon
       from September 1990
       to August 1991. He
       never really liked that
       job. Maybe he just
       didn't like being in the
       world of big business
       . . . you know. . .
       writing to sell things to
       people who don't want
       to buy them. Kind of
       cheap, if you know
       what I mean. Thomas
       is very sensitive.
       Anyway, he now works
       for that magazine. . .
       What's its name?
REPORTER:    Ladies' Quarterly.
MRS. JONES:    Yes. That's it. Ladies'
       Quarterly. At the
       present time, Thomas
       writes for ladies'
       Quarterly.
N:    Good. Now listen and repeat.
M:    Thomas Jones is a writer.
   He's a terrific writer.
   he's been a writer
   He's been a writer since 1985.
   he was a writer
   he was a writer at an advertising
   agency    
   He was a writer at an advertising
   agency in 1990.
N:    Now I say, "Since 1985." And
   you say . . .
M:    He's been a writer since 1985.
N:    I say, "In 1990." And you
   say.. .    
M:    He was a writer in 1990.
N:    I say, "Now." And you say. . .
M:    He's a writer now.
N:    Ready? Let's begin. Since 1985.
M:    He's been a writer since 1985.
N:    In 1990.
M:    He was a writer in 1990.
N:    Now.    
M:    He's a writer now.
N:    Since he was a little boy.
M:    He's been a writer since he was a
   little boy.
       

       
N:    From 1990 to 1991.
M:    He was a writer from 1990 to
   1991.
N:    Before he took a job at Cross and
   Rubicon.
M:    He was a writer before he took a
   job at Cross and Rubicon.
N:    At the present time.
M:    He's a writer at the present time.
N:    For a long time now.
M:    He's been a writer for a long time
   now.
N:    Good. Steven has been doing a
   lot of work. Listen to what he
   says.
STEVEN:    Since Maria left, I've been
   so busy I can't think. I've
   been fixing the house. I've
   been buying baby furniture.
   And I've been producing
   the shows.
N:    Poor Steven. Let's listen to some
   more.
STEVEN:    What else? Oh. At night
   I've been putting up
   wallpaper in the baby's
   room. It's still a mess. How
   do parents do it all?
   Imagine having three or
   four children! It's too
   much.
N:    Maybe Steven's been working
   too hard. There's been the cost
   of all this too. Poor Steven.
STEVEN:    And the money! Anne and
   I have been spending too
   much money. Babies are
   expensive.
N:    Well, Steven's been having a
   difficult time, hasn't he? Now
   listen and repeat.
M:    I've been
   I've been fixing the house.
   I've been
   I've been buying baby furniture.
   I've been producing the shows.
   I've been putting up wallpaper.
   I've been spending too much
   money.
N:    OK. You hear. . .
F:    Have you fixed the house yet?
N:    And you say. . .
M:    Yes. I've been fixing the house
   every day.
N:    You hear. . .
F:    Have you bought any furniture
   for the baby yet?
N:    And you say. . .
M:    Yes. I've been buying baby
   furnit\ilre every day.


N:    OK? Let's start.
F:    Have you fixed the house yet?
M:    Yes. I've been fixing the house
   every day.
F:    Have you bought any baby
   furniture yet?
M:    Yes. I've been buying baby
   furniture every day.
F:    How about the baby's room?
   Have you put up wallpaper yet?
M:    Yes. I've been putting up
   wallpaper every day.
F:    And your wife? Have you spent
   time with your wife?
M:    Yes. I've been spending time
   with my wife every day.
F:    Well, what about your work at
   WEFL? Have you produced any
   shows?
M:    Yes. I've been producing shows
   every day.
F:    And business? Has WEFL made
   any money?
M:    Yes. WEFL's been making money
   every day.
F:    How about me? Have you
   thought of me lately?
M:    Yes. I've been thinking of
   you every day.
N:    Sam Finch called Steven from
   Aspen. Let's listen to some of
   their conversation. Listen
   carefully for the name of a hotel.
   It's the hotel where Sam wants
   to have dinner with Maria.
SAM:    I've been busy. I've been
   making a business deal in
   California. I'm in Aspen
   right now.
STEVEN:    Yeah. I understand you're
   skiing with Maria.
SAM:    We've made plans to meet
   this afternoon, but I can't
   make it, and I haven't been
   able to find Maria. She
   moved to a different hotel.
   If she calls, tell her I'll
   meet her for dinner at the
   Grand Hotel at eight
   o'clock.
STEVEN:    OK. The Grand Hotel.
SAM:    How's Anne?
STEVEN:    Anne's fine. She hasn't
   been sleeping well lately.
   But the doctors say she's
   doing fine.
SAM:    That's good. How've you
   been. . . Dad?
STEVEN:    Oh, I've been working hard
   lately.

N:    Well, what's the name of the
   hotel where Sam wants to have
   dinner with Maria?
M:    The Grand Hotel.
N:    Now listen and repeat.
M:    she hasn't been sleeping
   She hasn't been sleeping well
   lately.
   She hasn't been sleeping well
   lately.
N:    Now you hear.. .
F:    How's Anne? Has she been
   sleeping well?
N:    And you say. . .
M:    No. She hasn't been sleeping
   well lately.
N:    You hear. . .
F:    And Kathy? How has she been?
   Has she been feeling well?
N:    And you say. . .
M:    No. She hasn't been feeling well
   lately.
N:    Ready? Let's begin.
F:    How's Anne? Has she been
   sleeping well?
M:    No. She hasn't been sleeping
   well lately.
F:    And Kathy? How has she been?
   Has she been feeling well?
M:    No. She hasn't been feeling well
   lately.
F:    What about Jake and Mike?
   Have they been playing any
   basketball?
M:    No. They haven't been playing
   any basketball lately .
F:    And Maria? Has she been
   working hard?
M:    No. She hasn't been working
   hard lately.
F:    How about you? Have you been
   making any money?
M:    No. I haven't been making any
   money lately.
F:    Have you been doing well?
M:    No. I haven't been doing well
   lately.
F:    What about your English? Have
   you been studying a lot?
M:    No. I haven't been studying
   English a lot lately.
N:    That's all for now. End of Lesson
   Two.

3
BOOK EIGHT, REVIEW ONE
N:    Review One. For this lesson,
   you'll need a pencil and a
   piece of paper.
   Anne is bored. She decides to
   
171
call Steven at WEFL. Listen to
their conversation.
STEVEN:    Hello. Steven Winn
       speaking.
ANNE:    Hi, Steven. Busy?
STEVEN:    Oh, hi, Anne! How are
       you doing? You OK?
ANNE:    Oh, sure. I've just been
       feeling a little bored this
       afternoon. Are things OK
       at the studio?
STEVEN:    Oh, sure. Everything's been
       going very well here. Jake's
       been working on a story
       about an exhibit at the
       Natural History Museum.
       He also wants to have an
       interview with Abbott
       Larkin here at the studio.
       Larkin's been in and out of
       Stamford lately. He's
       building a computer factory
       here.
ANNE:    How about Connie? Is she
       still interviewing high
       school students?
STEVEN:    No. She's been doing a
       story on employment
       agencies.
ANNE:    Any news from Maria?
STEVEN:    No, but her friend Sam
       Finch called from Aspen.
       Maria moved to a different
       hotel, and somehow they
       lost contact with each
       other.
ANNE:    That sounds strange. Maybe
       they had a fight.
STEVEN:    I don't think so. He's been
       making a business deal in
       California. What have you
       been doing?
ANNE:    Nothing much really.
       Shopping a lot for baby
       things. The usual. I'm
       getting bored with this
       waiting, Steven.
STEVEN:    I know. . . I know.
N:    Well, everyone has been very
   busy. Take a piece of paper and a
   pencil and write down what
   everyone's been doing. You will
   hear each sentence twice. After
   each sentence, there are pauses
   for you to write. Ready? Let's
   begin with Jake.
   Jake's been doing a story on an
   exhibit at the museum.
   Jake's been doing a story on an
   exhibit at the museum.

   He also wants an interview with
   Abbott Larkin.
   He also wants an interview with
   Abbott Larkin.
   Abbott Larkin is building a
   computer factory in Stamford.
   Abbott Larkin is building a
   computer factory in Stamford.
   Connie's been doing a story on
   employment agencies.
   Connie's been doing a story on
   employment agencies.
   Sam Finch has been making a
   business deal in California.
   Sam Finch has been making a
   business deal in California.
   Maria's still skiing.
   Maria's still skiing.
   Anne has been shopping a lot.
   Anne has been shopping a lot.
   The following statements are
   false. Correct them. For
   example, you hear. . .
M:    Steven's been skiing in Aspen.
N:    And you say. . .
F:    No, he hasn't. Maria has.
N:    You hear. . .
M:    Jake has been doing a lot of
   shopping for the baby.
N:    And you say. . .
F:    No, he hasn't. Anne has.
N:    OK? Let's start.
M:    Steven's been skiing in Aspen.
F:    No, he hasn't. Maria has.
M:    Jake's been shopping a lot for the
   baby.
F:    No, he hasn't. Anne has.
M:    Did you know that Connie has
   been trying to have an interview
   with Abbott Larkin?
F:    No, she hasn't. Jake has.
M:.    How about that Maria! She's
   been making a business deal in
   California.
F:    No, she hasn't. Sam has.
M:    Have you heard? Mike's been
   working on a story about
   employment agencies.
F:    No, he hasn't. Connie has.
M:    I didn't know Sam Finch was in
   the computer business. He's been
   making plans to build a computer
   factory in Stamford.
F:    No, he hasn't. Abbott Larkin
   has.
M:    Oh? I thought Abbott was too
   busy at the Museum of Natural
   History. He's been writing a
   story about some important
   discovery, hasn't he?

               
F:    No, he hasn't. Jake has.
N:    OK. Now Steven is interviewing
   Patricia Woo for Kathy's job.
   Let's listen to their conversation.
STEVEN:    Thanks for filling out the
       application, Ms. Woo.
PAT:    Please, call me Pat.
STEVEN:    OK, Pat. . . So, I see you
       graduated from NYU three
       years ago.    
PAT:    Yes. After graduation, I
       worked as a reporter for the
       Tribune. Mostly business
       and finance. You know,
       mergers, companies buying
       companies, people making
       deals. I really loved it.
STEVEN:    Why did you leave?
PAT:    Oh, they wanted me to
       relocate. . . to Dallas. I
       mean, San Francisco, OK
       . . . or even Chicago. But
       relocation to Dallas? No
       way! Not me!
STEVEN:    Do you have any letters of
       recommendation?
PAT:    Yes. Copies. . . there,
       with my resume. . . with
       the stories I wrote for the
       Tribune.    
STEVEN:    Ah, yes, here they are . . .
       Well, Ms. Woo. . . I
       mean, Pat, you definitely
       have all the right
       qualifications for the job.
       Yes, it looks very good.
       We'll notify you as soon as
       we make a decision.
PAT:    Is that it?    
STEVEN:    That's it.    
PAT:    Oh! Well, uh, if you need
       more information . . .
STEVEN:    We'll call you. Thanks for
       coming in.    
N:    Now listen and repeat.
M:    apply    application
   graduate graduation
   relocate    relocation
   recommend    recommendation
   qualify    qualification
F:    inform    information
   educate    education
   notify    notification
   admire    admiration
   abbreviate    abbreviation
N:    Notice some of the changes that
   are made in order to form a noun
   from a verb: Inform becomes
   information, apply becomes
   application, and relocate becomes

172

   
   relocation. Now let's practice
   some of the nouns and verbs you
   just repeated. You hear the verb
   and you say its noun form. For
   example, you hear . . .
M:    Graduate.
N:    And you say. . .
F:    Graduation.
N:    You hear. . .
M:    Apply.
N:    And you say. . .
F:    Application.
N:    OK? Let's go.
M:    Graduate.
F:    Graduation.
M:    Apply.
F"    Application.
M:    Admire.
F:    Admiration.
M:    Inform.
F:    Information.
M:    Notify.
F:    Notification.
N:    OK. Let's practice these in
   sentences. You hear. . .
M:    He graduated from Hamilton
   College in June.
N:    And you say. . .
F:    It was a terrific graduation.
N:    You hear. . .
M:    They recommended Patricia for
   the job.
N:    And you say. . .
F:    It was a terrific recommendation.
N:    Ready? Let's begin.
M:    He graduated from Hamilton
   College in June.
F:    It was a terrific graduation.
M:    They recommended Patricia for
   the job.
F:    It was a terrific recommendation.
M:    She was educated in the army.
F:    It was a terrific education.
M:    He applied to Harvard Business
   School last year.
F:    It was a terrific application.
M:    They relocated to Monte Carlo.
F:    It was a terrific relocation.
M:    They abbreviated "Thank God
   it's Friday," TGIF.
F:    It was a terrific abbreviation.
N:    Let's try this exercise the other
   way. I say, "Admiration for
   computer programmers." And
   you say. . .
F:    I admire computer programmers.
N:    I say, "Qualification for the job."
   And you say. . .
F:    I qualify for the job.
N:    Ready? Let's begin. Admiration

   for computer programmers.
F:    I admire computer programmers.
N:    Qualification for the job.
F:    I qualify for the job.
N:    Notification of the employees.
F:    I notify the employees.
N:    Information for the President.
F:    I inform the President.
N:    Relocation every six months.
F:    I relocate every six months.
N:    This is the end of Review One.

4
   
BOOK EIGHT, LESSON THREE

N:    Lesson Three. Listen to two
   employment agents discussing
   resumes. They're looking for
   someone to work at a
   pharmaceutical company.
   They're talking about three
   people. Listen for the three
   names.
MAN 2:    All right. Now we'll look
   at Bob here. Well, you
   can see he started out as
   a teacher, but he was a
   science teacher, so he
   knows science.
WOMAN 1:    He worked as a scientist
   between 1988 and 1990.
MAN 2:    So he was a scientist too,
   now he's director of
   product development.
   OK. Now, you know,
   we'll look at John. And
   we know that he has a
   Ph.D. That's good. Now
   let's see if he's making
   the tablets too.
WOMAN 1: John has experience with
   tablets, but Jim doesn't.
N:    Good. Now what are the three
   names you heard?
F:    Bob, John, and Jim.
N:    OK. Now listen and repeat.
F:    John has experience
   John has experience with tablets
   but Jim doesn't
   John has experiece with tablets,
   but Jim doesn't.
N:    I say, "John has experience with
   tablets. Jim has no experience
   with tablets." And you say. . .
F:    John has experience with tablets,
   but Jim doesn't.
N:    I say, "Steven's looking for a new
   job. Connie's happy with her job
   at WEFL." And you say. . .
F:    Steven's looking for a new job,
   but Connie isn't.
       

N: OK? Let's begin. John has experience with tablets. Jim has no experience with tablets.
F: John has experience with tablets,
   but Jim doesn't.
   N: Steven's looking for a new job.
   Connie's happy with her job at
   WEFL.
F: Steven's looking for a new job,
   but Connie isn't.
   N: Thomas uses a computer to write
   his articles. Patricia uses a
   pencil.
F: Thomas uses a computer to write
   his articles, but Patricia doesn't.
N: Anne likes Mexican food. .
   Steven eats only hamburgers.
F: Anne likes Mexican food, but
   Steven doesn't.
   N: Maria's skiing in Aspen. Sam's
   making a business deal in
   California.
F: Maria's skiing in Aspen, but Sam
   isn't.
N: Dan works at IBM, Greg is
   unemployed.
F: Dan works at IBM, but Greg
   doesn't.
   N: Good. Now listen to some more
   of the conversation between the
   two employment agents.
MAN 2: Well, looking at it, Jim's also used computers . . . Bob has too. I would say both John and Jim have
a significant advantage over Bob, but they just have more
experience . . .
WOMAN 2: John hasn't used an IBM computer before, and George hasn't either.
MAN "1 : When he was at Emory, can you tell me what he did there?
WOMAN 2: He was a programmer. Sandy's worked as a computer programmer, but John hasn't.
MAN 1: All right, now who have
   you got over here?
WOMAN 2: I have the guy for the training job. I think he
is absolutely perfect! He is.
N: Well, one guy can do this, another can do that. It sounds really difficult to find the right person for the job. . . or the

173
   right job for the person. Listen
   and repeat.
M:    Jim has used computers
   and Bob has too
   Jim has used computers, and Bob
   has too.
   Jim has used computers, and Bob
   has too.
)    John hasn't used an IBM
   computer
   and George hasn't either
   John hasn't used an IBM
   computer, and George hasn't
   either.
   John hasn't used an IBM
   computer, and George hasn't
   either.
N:    Now I say, "Both Jim and Bob
   have used computers." And you
   say.. .
M:    Jim has used computers, and Bob
   has too.
N:    I say, "John and George have
   never used an IBM." And you
   say.. .
M:    John has never used an IBM, and
   George hasn't either.
N:    I say, "Jim and Bob have a lot of
   experience." And you say . . .
M:    Jim has a lot of experience, and
   so does Bob.
N:    I say, "John and George don't
   have any experience." And you
   say.. .
M:    John doesn't have any
   experience, and George doesn't
   either.
N:    OK. Are you ready? Let's begin.
   Both Jim and Bob have used
   computers.
M:    Jim has used computers, and Bob
   has too.
N:    John and George have never
   used an IBM.
M:    John has never used an IBM, and
   George hasn't either.
N:    Jim and Bob have a lot of
   experience.
M:    Jim has a lot of experience, and
   so does Bob.
N:    John and George don't have any
   experience.
M:    John doesn't have any
   experience, and George doesn't
   either.
N:    Steven and Anne have both
   spent a lot of money lately.
M:    Steven has spent a lot of money
   lately, and Anne has too.
   

N:    Jake and Connie are great
   reporters.
M:    Jake's a great reporter, and
   Connie is too.
N:    Mike and his cousin have never
   been to Aspen.
M:    Mike has never been to Aspen,
   and his cousin hasn't either.
N:    Both Thomas and his friend
   Sandy don't eat meat.
M:    Thomas doesn't eat meat, and
   his friend Sandy doesn't either.
N:    Anne and Steven can't wait for
   the baby to arrive.
M:    Anne can't wait for the baby to
   arrive, and Steven can't either.
N:    OK. Now, Steven is talking to
   Maria on the telephone. He has
   hired Patricia Woo. Listen to
   their conversation.
MARIA:    Who's Patricia Woo? How
   much experience has she
   had in television? . . .
   Why do you want to hire
   Patricia?
STEVEN:    She has had experience as a
   reporter, but Greg and
   Thomas haven't.
MARIA:    She sounds good. I'll talk to
   her when I get back. Is
   everything else all right?
STEVEN:    Connie has been working
   on a story on employment
   agencies. She's still working
   on it. Jake has been
   working on an archaeology
   story .
MARIA:    It sounds like you've been
   doing fine, Steven. I'll call
   again in a few days.
N:    Now listen and repeat.
F:    Connie has been working
   Connie has been working on a
   story
   Connie has been working on a
   story on employment agencies.
   Connie has been working on a
   story on employment agencies.
   she's been working on it
   she's been working on it all week
   and she's still not finished
   She's been working on it all
   week, and she's still not finished.
   She's been working on it all
   week, and she's still not finished.
   Jake has been working
   Jake has been working on an
   archaeology story.
   Jake has been working on an
   archaeology story.

   he's been working on it
   he's been working on it all week
   and he's still not finished
   He's been working on it all
   week, and he's still not finished.
   He's been working on it all
   week, and he's still not finished.
N:    Now you hear...
F:    Is Jake still working on an
   archaeology story?
N:    And you say. . .
M:    Yes, he is. He's been working on
   it all week, and he's still not
   finished.
N:    You hear. . .
F:    Is Connie still working on a story
   on employment agencies?
N:    And you say. . .
M:    Yes, she is. She's been working
   on it all week, and she's still not
   finished.
N:    Ready? Let's begin.
F:    Is Jake still working on an
   archaeology story?
M:    Yes, he is. He's been working on
   it all week, and he's still not
   finished.
F:    Is Connie still working on a story
   on employment agencies?
M:    Yes, she is. She's been working
   on it all week, and she's still not
   finished.
F:    Is Steven still wallpapering the
   baby's room?
M:    Yes, he is. He's been
   wallpapering it all week, and he's
   still not finished.
F:    Is Anne still shopping?
M:    Yes, she is. She's been shopping
   all week, and she's still not
   finished.
F:    Are Maria and Sam still skiing?
M:    Yes, they are. They've been
   skiing all week, and they're still
   not finished.
F:    Is it still snowing in Aspen?
M:    Yes, it is. It's been snowing all
   week, and it's still not finished.
F:    Are you still studying Lesson
   Four?
M:    Yes, I am. I've been studying it
   all week, and I'm still not
   finished.
N:    Yes, you are. And, this is the end
   of Lesson Three.
   
   
174

5

       
BOOK EIGHT, LESSON FOUR
N:    Lesson Four. Listen to Steven as
   he talks about his wife, Anne.
STEVEN:    The doctor says Anne
   might have the baby soon.
   She has some pains, and
   the doctor's not sure. But I
   don't know. She might not
   have it. What if she has it
   
   early? She's almost two
   weeks early.
N:    Now listen to this conversation.
STEVEN:    Connie, I might have to
   leave early today.
CONNIE:    Uh-huh.
STEVEN:    And I might not be in
   tomorrow or the next day.
N:    Now listen and repeat.
M:    Anne might have the baby soon
   The doctor says Anne might
   have the baby soon.
   The doctor says Anne might
   have the baby soon.
   But I don't know.
   She might not have it.
   But I don't know. She might not
   have it.
   But I don't know. She might not
   have it.
   I might have to leave early today.
   I might have to leave early
   today.
   And I might not be in tomorrow.
   And I might not be in tomorrow.
N:    We often use might or might not
   to talk about a future possibility.
   We say something might happen
   or it might not happen. We say
   we might do something or we
   might not do something. All
   right, now you're going to
   hear.. .
M:    Anne is almost ready to have the
   baby, so Steven has to leave
   early today.
N:    And you say. . .
F:    He might have to leave early
   tomorrow too.
N:    You hear. . .
M:    Maria isn't in today. She's very
   busy.
N:    You say. . .
M:    She might not be in tomorrow
   either.
N:    Ready? Let's begin.
M:    Anne is almost ready to have the
   baby, so Steven has to leave
   early today.
F:    He might have to leave early


   tomorrow too.
M:    Maria isn't in today. She's very
   busy.
F:    She might not be in tomorrow
   either.
M:    Steven wants to be with Anne
   today.
F:    He might want to be with Anne
   tomorrow too.
   
M:    He's very nervous today.
F:    He might be very nervous
   tomorrow too.
M:    Anne wants him to be at home
   today.
F:    She might want him to be at
   home tomorrow too.
M:    Anne and Steven don't have a
   name for the baby today.
F:    They might not have a name for
   the baby tomorrow either.
M:    Connie doesn't know Steven's
   schedule today.
F:    She might not know Steven's
   schedule tomorrow either.
N:    All right, you know that there
   are two other ways to talk about
   possibilities. For example, to say,
   "He might be in his office," you
   can also say . . .
M:    He may be in his office.
N:    Or you can say. . .
M:    He could be in his office.
N:    Now listen to these three
   sentences, which mean almost
   the same thing.
M:    He might be late for work
   tomorrow.
   He may be late for work
   tomorrow.
   He could be late for work
   tomorrow.
N:    Now listen to each one again.
   This time, repeat the sentence
   after you hear it.
F:    He might be late for work
   tomorrow.
   He may be late for work
   tomorrow.
   He could be late for work
   tomorrow.
N:    Now you're going to hear some
   questions and then a cue to the
   answer, using either might, may,
   or could. For example, I ask the
   question, "Where's Steven?"
   And you hear the cue. . .
M:    May. . . in his office.
N:    So you say. . .
F:    I don't know. He may be in his


   office.
N:    Or I say, "What are you doing
   tonight?" Then you hear the
   cue.. .
M:    Might. . . to a movie.
N:    And you say. . .
F:    I don't know. I might go to a
   movie.
N:    All ready? Let's begin. Where's
   
   Steven?
M:    May . . . in his office.
F:    I don't know. He may be in his
   office.
N:    What are you doing tonight?
M:    Might. . . to a movie.
F:    I don't know. I might go to a
   movie.
N:    Where's my script?
M:    Could . . . on your desk.
F:    I don't know. It could be on your
   desk.
N:    What nationality is he?
M:    Could. . . American.
F:    I don't know. He could be
   American.
N:    When will Maria call?
M:    May. . . tonight.
F:    I don't know. She may call
   tonight.
N:    Where are you going on your
   vacation?
M:    Might . . . California.
F:    I don't kIiow. I might go to
   California.
N:    How are you going to get there?
M:    May. . . drive.
F:    I don't know. I may drive.
N:    Now listen to this conversation
   about WEFL's story about
   archaeology on the
   Mediterranean coast.
JAKE:    And every year, people from
   allover the world come to dig
   here. This was a big city a
   long time ago.
MIKE:    What do they look for?
JAKE:    Anything. They might find
   statues, temples, coins,
   pottery. Who knows?
MIKE:    Do they find anything?
JAKE:    Sometimes they find things on
   the ground. Sometimes they
   find things under the ground
   or under rocks. Sometimes
   they find things on top of
   walls. . . That's not the only
   place they dig.
MIKE:    What do you mean?
JAKE:    Herod's City was located on


175

   the coast . . . A lot of people
   look for objects that might be
   on the bottom of the sea.
MIKE:    You mean they might find
   objects in the water?
JAKE:    Yes. The city was once a
   major harbor.    
N:    Now listen and repeat.
M:    people from allover the world
   come to dig here    
   People from allover the world
   come to dig here.    
   they might find statues
   temples    coins    pottery
   They might find statues, temples,
   coins, pottery.    
F:    on the ground    
   Sometimes they find things on
   the ground.    
   under the ground    
   sometimes they find things under
   the ground    
   or under rocks    
   Sometimes they find things under
   the ground or under rocks.
   on- top of walls    
   Sometimes they find things on
   top of walls.    
M:    some people look for objects
   that might be    
   on the bottom of the sea
   some people look for objects that
   might be        
   on the bottom of the sea
   Some people look for objects
   that might be on the bottom of
   the sea.        
F:    in the water    
   objects that are in the water
   They might find objects that are
   in the water.    
N:    All right. Now let's imagine that
   you are an archaeologist. Start by
   repeating this sentence . . .
F:    I'm an archaeologist.
M:    I'm an archaeologist.
N:    OK, OK, you're an
   archaeologist. Now you're going
   to tell us where you found
   different things. For example,
   you hear . . .    
M:    Statue . . . under . . . rocks.
N:    And you say. . .    
F:    I found this statue under the
   rocks.        
N:    You hear. . .    
M:    Pottery. . . on top of . . . wall.
N:    And you say. . .    
F:    I found this pottery on top of the
   wall.        

N:    All right, let's begin.
M:    Statue. . . under. . . rocks.
F:    I found this statue under the
   rocks.
M:    Pottery . . . on top of . . . wall.
F:    I found this pottery on top of the
   wall.
M:    Coins . . . on the bottom of . . .
   sea.    
F:    I found these coins on the
   bottom of the sea.
M:    Bible. . . on . . . ground.
F:    I found this Bible on the ground.
M:    Statue of a king. . . under. . .
   ground.
F:    I found this statue of a king
   under the ground.
M:    Temple. . . on the bottom of
   harbor.
F:    I found this temple on the
   bottom of the harbor.
M:    Rocks. . . in . . . water.
F:    I found these rocks in the water.
N:    You said you found those rocks
   in the water? Well, I hope those
   rocks are important to
   archaeologists like you. They
   look like plain old rocks to me.
   But, of course, I'm not an
   archaeologist.
   This is the erid of Lesson Four.

6

       
BOOK EIGHT, LESSON FIVE
N:    Welcome to Lesson Five. Listen to
   Connie as she tells us about some
   things she's never done and some
   other things that she has done in
   her life.
CONNIE:    I'm thirty-three years old.
       I've never been married.
       Work has always been the
       most important thing . . .
       Is it worth it? Sure. There
       are things I've done that
       Steven hasn't done. I've
       traveled around the world
       as a reporter. I've visited
       fifty countries. That's
       exciting too.
N:    Connie is thirty-three years old.
   That's not very young, but it's
   also not very old. There are
   many things that she has already
   done, but there are some things
   Connie has never done. Now,
   when you hear. . .
M:    Visit fifty countries.
N:    You say. . .
F:    She's already visited fifty
   countries.


   
N:    When you hear. . .
M:    Not be married.
N:    You say. . .
F:    She's never been married.
N:    All right. Let's begin.
M:    Visit fifty countries.
F:    She's already visited fifty
   countries.
M:    Not be married.
F:    She's never been married.
M:    Go to China three times.
F:    She's already gone to China
   three times.
M:    Not see the Great Wall.
F:    She's never seen the Great Wall.
M:    Not visit India.
F:    She's never visited India.
M:    Be invited to the White House.
F:    She's already been invited to the
   White House.
M:    Not meet the President of the
   United States.
F:    She's never met the President of
   the United States.
N:    Now listen to this conversation.
   Notice what the man and
   woman say they have and
   haven't done.
M:    Oh, come on. You mean you've
   been to China three times, and
   you've never seen the Great
   Wall?
F:    It's true. I've haven't seen it yet.
   But I will. Someday.
M:    And you've been invited to the
   White House three times, but
   you've never met the President?
F:    I haven't met him yet. But I will.
   I have a long life ahead of me.
N:    When the man says, "You've
   never seen the Great Wall?" and
   "You've never met the
   President?" he's expressing
   surprise that the woman's never
   done these things. But when she
   says, "I haven't seen it yet" or "I
   haven't met him yet," she means
   that there is still time. She might
   do these things in the future.
   She says . . .
F:    I have a long life ahead of me.
N:    Now, when you hear...
M:    You've never been married?
N:    You say. . .
F:    I haven't been married yet.
N:    When you hear. . .
M:    You've never met the President
   of the United States?
N:    You say. . .
F:    I haven't met him yet.

176

       
N:    OK? Let's begin.
M:    You've never been married?
F:    I haven't been married yet.
M:    You've never met the President
   of the United States?
F:    I haven't met him yet.
M:    You've never visited India?
F:    I haven't visited there yet.
M:    You've never lived in Los
   Angeles?
F:    I haven't lived there yet.
M:    You've never been invited to the
   White House?
F:    I haven't been invited there yet.
N:    Now listen to this conversation
   between Connie and Mike.
MIKE:    Have you heard from
   Steven?
CONNIE:    He's still waiting. Poor
   Steven. He stayed up all
   night last night. He's on
   pins and needles.
MIKE:    He must be tired today.
   And he must be worried. Is
   Anne OK?
CONNIE:    She's fine. She had pains
   this morning. She must be
   ready to have the baby.
N:    Now listen and repeat.
M:    must be tired
   he must be tired
   He must be tired today.
   He must be tired today.
F:    must be worried
   he must be worried
   And he must be worried.
   And he must be worried.
M:    must be ready
   she must be ready
   She must be ready to have the
   baby.
   She must be ready to have the
   baby.
N:    When we say that someone must
   be something, like must be tired
   or must be worried, we are talking
   about an assumption that we are
   almost certain is true. Now,
   when you hear a statement using
   almost certain, say the same thing
   using must. For example, you
   hear.. .
F:    I'm almost certain Steven is
   tired.
N:    And you say. . .
M:    He must be tired.
N:    You hear. . .
F:    I'm almost certain Steven and
   Anne are worried.
N:    And you say. . .


M:    They must be worried.
N:    All right, let's begin.
M:    I'm almost certain Steven is
   tired.
F:    He must be tired.
M:    I'm almost certain Steven and
   Anne are worried.
F:    They must be worried.
M:    I'm almost certain Steven is
   nervous.
F:    He must be nervous.
M:    I'm almost certain Jake's story is
   good.
F:    It must be good.
M:    I'm almost certain Connie has an
   interesting job.
F:    She must have an interesting
   job.
M:    I'm almost certain Mike and Jake
   are hungry.
F:    They must be hungry.
M:    I'm almost certain Maria is
   having a great time on her
   vacation.
F:    She must be having a great time
   on her vacation.
N:    Don't forget that you can also
   use must be with a verb that ends
   in -ing to show that you are
   almost certain something is
   happening. For example, I saw
   Connie going into that
   restaurant at noon. That was 15
   minutes ago. She must be having
   lunch. Now this time, you'll hear
   a situation and you say what
   must be happening. For example,
   You hear. . .
M:    Jake is very tired. He's been
   sitting in a comfortable chair
   with his eyes closed for a long
   time.
N:    And you say. . .
F:    He must be sleeping.
N:    You hear. . .
M:    Maria is on vacation. She's been
   doing a lot of skiing and eating
   in nice restaurants with Sam
   Finch.
N:    And you say. . .
F:    She must be having a good time.
N:    OK, ready? Let's begin.
M:    Jake is very tired. He's been
   sitting in a comfortable chair
   with his eyes closed for a long
   time.
F:    He must be sleeping.
M:    Maria is on vacation. She's been
   doing a lot of skiing and eating
   

   in nice restaurants with Sam
   Finch.
F:    She must be having a good time.
M:    The door to Connie's office is
   closed, and I can hear the sound
   of her typewriter.
F:    She must be working.
M:    Rita went out today wearing her
   tennis shoes and carrying her
   tennis racket. I wonder what
   she's doing.
F:    She must be playing tennis.
M:    The waitress in the restaurant
   served Maria and Sam their food.
   That was ten minutes ago. But
   they're not eating; they're talking
   and looking at each other.
   What's happening to their hot
   food?
F:    It must be getting cold.
N:    Now listen to Connie and Mike
   again. This time they're talking
   about Steven.
MIKE:    So Steven won't be able to
   come in today.
CONNIE:    That's OK. I have the
   schedules and the scripts.
   I'll be able to manage while
   he's gone.
MIKE:    He won't be able to see
   Jake's story on archaeology.
   We'll show it to him
   tomorrow.
CONNIE:    I'm not sure he'll be able to
   come in to work tomorrow
   either, Mike.
MIKE:    Where's Maria?
CONNIE:    Today's Thursday. Maria
   won't be back until Friday.
   I don't think she'll be able
   to see the story either.
N:    Now listen and repeat.
M:    Steven won't be able
   to come in today
   Steven won't be able to come in
   today.
   Steven won't be able to come in
   today.
F:    I'll be able
   to manage
   while he's gone
   I'll be able to manage while he's
   gone.
   I'll be able to manage while he's
   gone.
M:    he won't be able
   to see Jake's story
   He won't be able to see Jake's
   story .
       

177

   He won't be able to see Jake's
   
   story .
F:    he'll be able
   to come in to work tomorrow
   He'll be able to come in to work
   tomorrow.
   He'll be able to come in to work
   tomorrow.
M:    I don't think she'll be able
   to see the story either
   I don't think she'll be able to see
...    the story either.
   I don't think she'll be able to see
   the story either.
N:    Now you're going to listen to
   some sentences. Change each
   sentence by adding a form of be
   able to after will or won't, might or
   might not. For example, you
   hear.. .
M:    Steven won't come to work
   tomorrow.
N:    And you say. . .
F:    Steven won't be able to come to
   work tomorrow.
N:    If you hear . . .
M:    Jake might take a day off
       tomorrow.
N:        Then you say. . .
F:        Jake might be able to take a day
       off tomorrow.
N:        All right? Let's begin.
M:    Steven won't come to work
       tomorrow.
F:        Steven won't be able to come to
       work tomorrow.
   M:    Jake might take a day off
       tomorrow.
   F:    Jake might be able to take a day
       off tomorrow.
   M:    Mike might not help Steven this
       week.
   F:    Mike might not be able to help
       Steven this week.
   M:    Marie won't see Jake's story on
       archaeology.
   F:    Maria won't be able to see Jake's
       story on archaeology.
   M:    Maria might return before
       Friday.
   F:    Maria might be able to return
       before Friday.
   M:    Jake will do excellent work in
       the future.
   F:    Jake will be able to do excellent
       work in the future.
   N:    And now, what about you? Will
       you be able to do excellent work
       in the future? I hope so.
       That's the end of Lesson Five.

7

       
BOOK EIGHT, REVIEW TWO

N:    Review Two. For this lesson,
   you'll need a pencil and a
   piece of paper.
   Some people are interested in
   archaeology, but they aren't
   professional archaeologists.
   They're amateurs. Listen as
   Jake interviews some amateur
   archaeologists.
JAKE:    So why did you become an
       amateur archaeologist?
M I: I became an amateur
   archaeologist because I'm
   enthusiastic about history. And
   I want to spend a lot of time
   outdoors. Right now all I can
   do is go on little digs, but
   someday I'd like to go on a
   really important expedition.
JAKE:    And you?
F:    In the future, I hope to play an
       important role in scientific
       research. I might have a chance
       to discover something
       important. But first I need to
       get experience at a dig with
       professional archaeologists.
       That should be very interesting.
JAKE:    What about you?
M 2: It must be exciting to uncover
       treasures under the ground.
       Even though I might have to
       pay an expedition fee, I'll do it
       because someday I might be
       able to find a valuable object
       that could make me rich.
N:    Now listen and repeat.
       amateur    archaeologist
       amateur archaeologist
       I became
       an amateur archaeologist
       I became an amateur
       archaeologist.
       I became an amateur
       archaeologist.
       enthusiastic
       enthusiastic about history
       I'm enthusiastic about history.
       I'm enthusiastic about history.
       I became an amateur
       archaeologist because I'm
       enthusiastic about history.
       I became an amateur
       archaeologist because I'm
       enthusiastic about history.
   F:    scientific research
       scientific research
       in scientific research
           
           
   an important role
   an important role in
   an important role in scientific
   research
   I hope    I hope to play
   I hope to play an important role
   I hope to play an important role
   in scientific research.
   I hope to play an important role
   in scientific research.
M:    professional
   professional archaeologists
   at a dig    at a dig with
   at a dig with professional
   archaeologists
   to get experience
   I need to get experience
   but first I need to get
   experience
   but first I need to get
   experience at a dig
       But first I need to get
       experience at a dig with
       professional archaeologists.
       But first I need to get
       experience at a dig with
       professional archaeologists.
N:        You know that some verbs are
       followed by an infinitive. For
       example, we say. . .
M:    I hope to be an archaeologist.
N:        Notice that we say "hope to
       be." But other verbs are
       followed by the base form of a
       verb. For example, we say. . .
F:        I can learn interesting things on
       a dig.
N:    Notice that we say "can learn."
       Now you're going to hear the
       beginning of a sentence, like "I
       hope" or "I can." Complete the
       sentence with either "to be an
       archaeologist" if the verb takes
       an infinitive, or "be an
       archaeologist" if the verb takes
       the base form. For example,
       You hear. . .
M:    I hope.
N:    And you say. . .
F:    I hope to be an archaeologist.
N:    When you hear. . .
M:    I can.
N:    You say. . .
   F:    I can be an archaeologist.
   N:    Ready? Let's begin.
   M:    I hope.
   F:    I hope to be an archaeologist.
   M:    I can.
   F:    I can be an archaeologist.
   M:    I should.
           

178

F: I should be an archaeologist. M: I'd like.
F: I'd like to be an archaeologist. M: I want.
F: I want to be an archaeologist. M: I might.
F: I might be an archaeologist. M: I'm not able.
F: I'm not able to be an
archaeologist.
M: I will.
F: I will be an archaeologist.
N: Now take your pencil and a piece of paper. You're going to hear some statements about experts and the fields of study they work in. First listen. Don't write anything. Ready?
M: An archaeologist works in
   archaeology.
F: An anthropologist works in
anthropology. M: A dentist works in dentistry. F: An economist works in
   economics.
   M: Some experts are called
sociologists, psychologists, geologists, and zoologists.
   F: Their fields of study are called
   sociology, psychology, geology,
   and zoology.
   M: Other fields of study are called
   chemistry, art, journalism, and
   physics.
   F: The experts in those fields are
   called chemists, artists,
   journalists, and physicists.
M: A botanist works in botany, a linguist works in linguistics, and a pharmacist works in pharmacy.
N: Now get ready to write. You will hear a pair of words, like "Archaeology. . . archaeologist" or "Anthropology. . . anthropologist." The first word is the name of the field of study, and the second word is the expert who works in that field. After you hear each pair of words, say those words and then write them next to each other on your paper. Ready? Let's begin.
M: Archaeology... archaeologist.
Anthropology . . . anthropologist.
Sociology. . . sociologist.

II

AUDIO SCRIPT

F: Psychology. . . psychologist. Geology. . . geologist. Zoology. . . zoologist.
M: Dentistry... dentist. Economics. . . economist. Chemistry . . . chemist.
F: Art. . . artist.
Journalism. . . journalist. Physics. . . physicist.
M: Botany... botanist. Linguistics. . . linguist. Pharmacy . . . pharmacist.
N: Now check a dictionary or your Study Guide to see if you spelled these words correctly. Now listen to these words again and repeat.
M: archaeology archaeologist anthropology anthropologist sociology sociologist
F: psychology psychologist geology geologist
zoology zoologist
M: dentistry dentist
economics economist chemistry chemist
F: art artist
journalism journalist physics physicist
M: botany botanist
linguistics linguist pharmacy pharmacist
N: This is the end of Review
   Two.

BOOK EIGHT, LESSON SIX
N: Welcome to Lesson Six. For
this lesson, you'll need a pencil and a piece of paper.
Listen to this part of the conversation between Connie
   and Jake.
JAKE:    Where's Maria?
CONNIE: I don't know. She might be caught in a snowstorm somewhere.
JAKE: Try her house. She might
be home. CONNIE: I called. She's not there. JAKE: Where's Steven? Have you
heard from him? CONNIE: No, not yet. JAKE: Well, the show must go
   on. We'll be able to do
today's show without them. CONNIE: No problem. JAKE: Except we can't find the
   scripts. Do you know where
   they are?

CONNIE: They must be on the bookshelf. I put them there
   yesterday.
JAKE: Ah, here they are.
N: Now listen and repeat.
F:    she might be    she might be
caught
caught in a snowstorm
caught in a snowstorm somewhere
She might be caught in a snowstorm somewhere.
She might be caught in a snowstorm somewhere.
M:    Try her house.
She might be home.
Try her house. She might be home.
Try her house. She might be home.
must go must go on
the show must go on
Well, the show must go on. Well, the show must go on. Except we can't find the scripts. Except we can't find the scripts.
F:    they must be    on the bookshelf
They must be on the bookshelf. They must be on the bookshelf. I put them there yesterday.
I put them there yesterday.
N: By now you know that when we use might or might not, we are expressing a possibility. And we often use must or must not to express an assumption. For
   example, when we say. . .
M: Maria might be home.
N: We mean it is possible that Maria is home, but we really don't know. When we say... F: The scripts must be on the
   bookshelf.
N: We mean that we assume the scripts are on the bookshelf. In other words, we are almost certain that they're on the shelf. Listen to the following situations and decide whether to respond using might or using must. For
   example, you hear. . .
F: Jake hasn't slept for a long time. M: Be tired.
N: And you say. . .
F: He must be tired.
N: Or you hear. . .
M: When will the new furniture
arrive?
F: Arrive today.
N: And you say. . .

179


   M:    It might arrive today.
   N:    All right. Let's begin.
   F:    Jake hasn't slept for a long time.
   M:    Be tired.
   F:    He must be tired.
   M:.    When will the new furniture
       arrive?
   F:    Arrive today.
   M:    It might arrive today.
..........    F:    Jake's alone in his office, but I
       can hear him talking.
   M:    On the telephone.
   F:    He must be on the telephone.
   M:    Mike doesn't know where to go
       on his next vacation.
   F:    Go to Europe.
   M:    He might go to Europe.
   F:    Steven told me he was on pins
       and needles.
   M:    Be very nervous.
   F:    He must be very nervous.
   M:    Mike said to call it a day. I
       wonder what he wants us to do.
   F:    Stop working.
   M:    He must want us to stop
       working.
   N:    Now take your pencil and a piece
       of paper. In a moment, you're
       going to have a dictation. But
       don't write anything yet. Just
       listen.
   M:    An ancient city was built 3,000
       years ago by King Herod. Today,
       it is buried under the water and
       under the sand of this
       Mediterranean coast.
       Archaeologists look for objects
       there. They look for pottery,
       statues, temples, and coins. They
       hope these objects will help
       them understand the past.
   N:    Now take your pencil and a piece
       of paper. Listen to each group of
       words again and write what you
       hear. Ready? Let's begin.
   M:    An ancient city
       was built
       3,000 years ago
       by King Herod.
       Today, it is buried
       under the water
       and under the sand
       of this Mediterranean coast.
       Archaeologists
       look for objects there.
       They look for pottery,
       statues,
       temples,
       and coins.
       They hope these objects

   will help them
   understand the past.
N:    Now listen as you hear the
   paragraph for the last time. Take
   your pencil and try to correct any
   mistakes you find. Ready? Listen.
M:    An ancient city was built 3,000
   years ago by King Herod. Today,
   it is buried under the water and
   under the sand of this
   Mediterranean coast.
   Archaeologists look for objects
   there. They look for pottery,
   statues, temples, and coins. They
   hope these objects will help
   them understand the past.
N:    Now use your paper to answer
   the following six questions. Give
   short answers. Question One.
M:    What was built 3,000 years ago?
F:    An ancient city.
N:    Question Two.
M:    What king built the city?
F:    King Herod.
N:    Question Three.
M:    Today, the city is buried under
   what two things?
F:    Under the water and under the
   sand.
N:    Question Four.
M:    What is the name of the coast
   where this city is buried?
F:    The Mediterranean coast.
N:    Question Five.
M:    What four things do the
   archaeologists look for?
F:    Pottery, statues, temples, and
   coins.
N:    Question Six.
M:    What do they hope these objects
   will help them understand?
F:    The past.
N:    And I hope these lessons will
   help you understand the English
   language.
   This is the end of Lesson Six.

8

BOOK EIGHT, LESSON SEVEN
Welcome to Lesson Seven.
Listen to Jake and Connie.
CONNIE:    That was a very interesting
story, Jake. What will the
archaeologists find?
I don't know what they'll
find. They're looking for a
temple.
Now listen and repeat.
archaeologists
the archaeologists
   

           what will the archaeologists
           What will the archaeologists
           find?    
           What will the archaeologists
           find?    
       M:    I don't know    I don't know
           what they'll find    
           I don't know what they'll find.
           I don't know what they'll find.
       N:    You hear. . .    
       F:    What will the archaeologists
           find?    
       N:    And you say. . .    
       M:    I don't know what they'll find.
       N:    You hear. . .    
       F:    What are the archaeologists
           looking for?    
       N:    And you say. . .    
       M:    I don't know what they're
           looking for.    
       N:    OK? Let's go.    
       F:    What will the archaeologists
           find?    
       M:    I don't know what they'll find.
       F:    What are the archaeologists
           looking for?    
       M:    I don't know what they're
           looking for.    
       F:    When did they start digging?
       M:    I don't know when they started
           digging.    
       F:    Who's managing the project?
       M:    I don't know who's managing the
           project.    
       F:    Where's Mike?    
       M:    I don't know where he is.
       F:    When will Maria be back?
       M:    I don't know when she'll be
           back.    
       F:    How long does it take to fly from
           Aspen to New York?
       M:    I don't know how long it takes to
           fly from Aspen to New York.
       N:    Good! Now listen.
       CONNIE:    How long will it take to
           uncover the city?
           JAKE:    I'm not sure how long it'll
       take. Maybe a hundred
                N:             years.    
       N:    Listen and repeat.
       F:    how long will it take
           to uncover the city
           How long will it take to uncover
                    JAKE:       the city?    
           How long will it take to uncover
           the city?    
        N:        M:    I'm not sure    
                    F:    I'm not sure how long
           I'm not sure how long it'll take.
           I'm not sure how long it'll take.

180


   
N:    Now you hear. . .
F:    How long will it take to uncover
   the city?
N:    And you say. . .
M:    I'm not sure how long it'll take.
N:    You hear. . .
F:    How's Anne?
N:    And you say. . .
M:    I'm not sure how she is.
N:    Ready? Here we go.
F:    How long will it take to uncover .
   the city?
M:    I'm not sure how long it'll take.
F:    How's Anne?
M:    I'm not sure how she is.
F:    What time did little Peter Winn
   arrive?
M:    I'm not sure what time he
   arrived.
F:    When is Anne leaving the
   hospital?
M:    I'm not sure when she's leaving
   the hospital.
F:    Who's Anne's doctor?
M:    I'm not sure who her doctor is.
F:    Where's the champagne?
M:    I'm not sure where the
   champagne is.
N:    OK. Mike is wondering what to
   get for Steven's baby. He thinks
   he should buy him. . . what?
   Listen for what Mike decides to
   get Steven's baby.
MIKE:    I should get a gift for Steven's
   baby, but I'm not sure what
   babies need . . . This is
   difficult. I'm not sure what
   they need . . . Does the baby
   need blankets? Nah, they
   bought lots of blankets for the
   baby. . . I'll buy something
   fun. I should get him a toy.
   Yeah, a toy with bright colors!
N:    What does Mike think he should
   get for little Peter Winn?
M:    A toy. A toy with bright colors.
N:    Now listen and repeat.
M:    I should get
   I should get a gift
   I should get a gift for Steven's
   baby.
   I should get a gift for Steven's
   baby.
   I should get him a toy.
   I should get him a toy.
N:    The word get in these sentences
   means about the same as buy. I
   should get him a toy is about the
   same as I should buy him a toy.
   Let's practice this use of get. I


   say, "I should buy a gift for
   Steven's baby." And you say. . .
M:    I should get a gift for Steven's
   baby.    
N:    I say, "They bought lots of
   blankets for the baby." And you
   say.. .    
M:    They got lots of blankets for the
   baby.    
N:    Ready? Let's start. I should buy a
   gift for Steven's baby.
M:    I should get a gift for Steven's
   baby.    
N:    They bought lots of blankets for
   the baby.    
M:    They got lots of blankets for the
   baby.    
N:    Did Maria buy anything for little
   Peter in Aspen?
M:    Did Maria get anything for little
   Peter in Aspen?
N:    I wonder what she bought him.
M:    I wonder what she got him.
N:    I wonder what Connie's buying
   him.    
M:    I wonder what Connie's getting
   him.    
N:    Isn't F.A.O. Schwarz the best
   place to buy toys?
M:    Isn't F.A.O. Schwarz the best
   place to get toys?
N:    Yes, I think I'll buy him a toy at
   F.A.O. Schwarz.
M:    Yes, I think I'll get him a toy at
   F.A.O. Schwarz.
N:    OK. Very good. Mike and Jim
   are talking about F.A.O.
   Schwarz. Let's listen.
MIKE:    I wonder how big F.A.O.
   Schwarz is.
JIM:    Those dolls might be good for
   Steven's baby. What's the
   baby's name?
MIKE:    I don't remember what his
   name is . . . Those little girls
   are cute.
JIM:    Yeah. They'll make a good
   picture for the story.
MIKE:    I wonder how much those
   video games cost.
N:    Now listen and repeat.
M:    I wonder    I wonder how big
   I wonder how big F.A.O.
   Schwarz is.    
   I wonder how big F.A.O.
   Schwarz is.    
   I wonder    I wonder how much
   I wonder how much those video
   games cost.    
N:    OK. Now you hear...


F:    F.A.O. Schwarz is a big store.
N:    And you say. . .
M:    I wonder how big F.A.O.
   Schwarz is.
N:    You hear. . .
F:    Those video games don't cost
   much.
N:    And you say. . .
M:    I wonder how much those video
   games cost.
N:    OK? Here we go.
F:    F.A.O. Schwarz is a big store.
M:    I wonder how big F.A.O.
   Schwarz is.
F:    Those video games don't cost
   much.
M:    I wonder how much those video
   games cost.
F:    It takes a lot of employees to run
   F.A.O. Schwarz.
M:    I wonder how many employees it
   takes to run F.A.O. Schwarz.
F:    Just think, someone makes all
   those teddy bears.
M:    I wonder who makes all those
   teddy bears.
F:    It must take a long time.
M:    I wonder how long it takes.
F:    I should ask someone.
M:    I wonder who I should ask.
F:    We should buy something for
   little Peter.
M:    I wonder what we should buy for
   little Peter.
N:    That's it! This is the end of
   Lesson Seven.

9

   
BOOK EIGHT, LESSON EIGHT

N:   Welcome to Lesson Eight. For this
  lesson, you'll need a pencil and a
  piece of paper.
  Mike has no idea what he should
  buy for little Peter Winn. He
  decides to call WEFL and ask for
  advice. First he talks to Maria.
  Listen.
MARIA:   It's winter, Mike. Buy a
  baby hat. My mother always
  told me to keep babies very
  warm.
N:   Then he talks to Connie.
CONNIE:   It's easy, Mike. Buy some
  baby clothes. Anything
  pretty. But don't buy
  anything pink. Buy blue for
  baby boys.
N:   And he talks to Jake.
JAKE:   Don't buy clothes. Buy
  something he can use. Buy a
  toy. Buy a toy football. Do you

181
       
   see any toy footballs at F.A.O.
   Schwarz?
N:    Finally, he remembers what Jim
   said to him at the store.
JIM:    Don't buy a toy. Buy a teddy
   bear. He'll love it.
N:    Take a pencil and a piece of
   paper and write down the advice
   that Mike's friends at WEFL gave
   him. Jst write down the
   important information.
MIKE:    I still don't know what I can
   buy. They all told me to buy
   something different.
   Maria told me to buy a warm
   hat for the baby.
   Connie told me to buy some
   baby clothes.
   Jake told me not to buy
   clothes. He told me to buy a
   toy football.
   And Jim told me not to buy a
   toy. He told me to buy a
   teddy bear.
N:    Now some questions. I say,
   "What did Maria tell Mike to
   buy?" And you say . . .
F:    She told him to buy a warm hat.
N:    I say, "What did Jake tell Mike
   not to buy?" And you say . . .
M:    He told him not to buy clothes.
N:    Ready? Let's begin. What did
   Maria tell Mike to buy?
F:    She told him to buy a warm hat.
N:    What did Jake tell Mike not to
   buy?
M:    He told him not to buy clothes.
N:    What did Connie tell him to
   buy?
F:    She told him to buy some baby
   clothes.
N:    What did Jim tell Mike not to
   buy?
M:    He told him not to buy a toy.
N:    What did Jake tell him to buy?
F:    He told him to buy a toy
   football.
N:    What did Jim tell Mike to buy?
M:    He told him to buy a teddy bear.
N:    Maria calls Kathy to see how
   she's doing. Listen to the
   conversation. What does Kathy's
   doctor tell her about medication?
KATHY:    Hello.
MARIA:    Hi, Kathy. It's Maria.
   How are you?
KATHY:    Oh! Maria. Hi! You're
   back.
MARIA:    Yeah, I've been back
   since yesterday. How are


       you doing? Steven tells
       me you're not feeling
       well.
KATHY:    Yeah, I'm not so good
       . . . I'm tired all the time.
       What did Steven say?
MARIA:    He didn't say much. What
       did the doctor tell you?
KATHY:    He told me to . . . take
       . . . to take it easy.
MARIA:    What did he say?
KATHY:    He said to take it easy.
       He said that I've been
       working too hard.
MARIA:    Oh. Is he giving you any
       medication?
KATHY:    No. He told me . . . not
       to go . . . back to work
       for . . . six months and
       to get lots of . . . rest.
MARIA:    Did he say anything about
       medication?
KATHY:    Nothing! He didn't say a
       word about medication.
       He said to drink lots of
       liquids and get lots of
       rest. He said not to go
       back to work for six
       months. That's it . . .
       Who's Ms. Woo?
N:    OK. What did Kathy's doctor
   tell her about medication?
F:    Nothing. He didn't say a word
   about medication.
N:    Now listen and repeat.
F:    he told me
   he told me to take
   He told me to take it easy.
   He told me to take it easy.
   he said
   he said to take
   He said to take it easy.
   He said to take it easy.
   he told me
   he told me not to go back to
   work
   He told me not to go back to
   work for six months.
   He told me not to go back to
   work for six months.
   he said
   he said not to go back to work
   He said not to go back to work
   for six months.
   He said not to go back to work
   for six months.
N:    Notice that tell is usually
   followed by a person: Steven tells
   me . . . , The doctor told
   Kathy. . . In a few expressions,


   
   we use tell without a person, for
   example: to tell the truth or to tell
   a lie or to tell a story. Say is
   usually followed by an object, for
   example: He didn't say a word, or
   Did he say anything? Or by an
   action, for example: He said to
   drink lots of liquids, or He said to
   take it easy. Let's practice these
   two words. You hear. . .
M:    I told you to take it easy.
N:    You say. . .
F:    He said to take it easy.
N:    You hear. . .
M:    I told her not to go back to work
   for six months.
N:    You say. . .
F:    He said not to go back to work
   for six months.
N:    OK? Here we go.
M:    I told you to take it easy.
F:    He said to take it easy.
M:    I told her not to go back to work
   for six months.
F:    He said not to go back to work
   for six months.
M:    I told Kathy to drink lots of
   liquids.
F:    He said to drink lots of liquids.
M:    I told Maria and Steven not to
   visit her.
F:    He said not to visit her.
M:    I told Kathy to stay in bed for a
   few days.
F:    He said to stay in bed for a few
   days.
M:    I told her to eat lots of bananas.
F:    He said to eat lots of bananas.
M:    I told her not to talk for a long
   time on the telephone.
F:    He said not to talk for a long
   time on the telephone.
N:    Now let's try this exercise the
   other way. You hear. . .
F:    He said that she was exhausted.
N:    And you say. . .
M:    He told us she was exhausted.
N:    You hear. . .
F:    He said that she's been working
   too hard.
N:    And you say. . .
M:    He told us she's been working
   too hard.
N:    Ready? Let's go.
F:    He said that she was exhausted.
M:    He told us she was exhausted.
F:    He said that she's been working
   too hard.
M:    He told us she's been working
   too hard.


182

   
F:    He said not to worry.
M:    He told us not to worry.
F:    But he said that she'll be out for
   six months.
M:    But he told us she'll be out for
   six months.
F:    He says to hire a replacement.
M:    He tells us to hire a replacement.
F:    They say that Patricia Woo is a
   terrific reporter.
M:    They tell us Patricia Woo is a
   terrific reporter.
F:    Maria says that she's doing very
   well.
M:    Maria tells us she's doing very
   well.
N:    This is the end of Lesson Eight.
   
BOOK EIGHT, REVIEW THREE
N:    Review Three. It's lunchtime.
   Mike and Jim are still at F.A.O.
   Schwarz. They're very hungry
   and decide to have lunch
   at a good restaurant . . . but
   which one? Listen to the
   conversation. Listen carefully for
   the names of the three
   restaurants Mike and Jim talk
   about. Which one is in
   Brooklyn?
MIKE:    I don't know, Jim. Jake's
   pretty reliable. He knows a lot
   about restaurants, and he said
   to me, "Go to the Carnegie
   Deli. They have the best
   sandwiches in New York."
JIM:    That's near Times Square. I
   don't like that area. Anyway,
   I'm hungry, Mike. I want
   more than a sandwich. How
   about the River Cafe in
   Brooklyn? It got a terrific
   review in the Tribune. They
   aid.. .
MIKE:    Yeah! Sure. . . You paying?
   Remember what Maria said to
   us: "Don't spend a lot of
   money." Anyway, Brooklyn's
   too far away.
JIM:    OK. OK.
MIKE:    Listen, how about P.J.
   Clarke's on Third Avenue?
   Jake said they have great
   steaks, and it's not expensive.
   Good salads too.
N:    Well, which restaurant is in
   Brooklyn?
M:    The River Cafe.
N:    Now listen and repeat.


   
M:    Jake said to me
   go to the Carnegie Deli
   Jake said to me, "Go to the
   Carnegie Deli."
   Jake said to me, "Go to the
   Carnegie Deli."
   Maria said to us
   don't spend a lot of money
   Maria said to us, "Don't spend a
   lot of money."
   Maria said to us, "Don't spend a
   lot of money."
N:    Notice that when the verb say is
   followed by a person, you need
   the preposition to: Jake said
   to me . . . , not Jake said me
   . . . Maria said to us. . . not
   Maria said us . . . This is
   different from the verb tell.
   With tell you don't need the
   preposition to: Jake told me . . .,
   Maria told us. . . Let's practice
   these words. You hear. . .
F:    Jake told me to go to the
   Carnegie Deli.
N:    And you say. . .
M:    Jake said to me, "Go to the
   Carnegie Deli."
N:    You hear. . .
F:    Maria told us not to spend a lot
   of money.
N:    And you say. . .
M:    Maria said to us, "Don't spend a
   lot of money."
N:    Ready? Here we go.
F:    Jake told me to go to the
   Carnegie Deli.
M:    Jake said to me, "Go to the
   Carnegie Deli."
F:    Maria told us not to spend a lot
   of money.
M:    Maria said to us, "Don't spend a
   lot of money."
F:    Mike told Jim to eat as much as
   he wants.
M:    Mike said to Jim, "Eat as much
   as you want."
F:    Jim told the waiter to please
   bring the menu.
M:    Jim said to the waiter, "Please
   bring the menu."
F:    The waiter told Jim to please not
   smoke in this area.
M:    The waiter said to Jim, "Please
   don't smoke in this area."
F:    Mike told Jim to hurry up and
   order.
M:    Mike said to Jim, "Hurry up and
   order."
F:    Jim told Mike not to get excited.

M:    Jim said to Mike, "Don't get
   excited."
N:    Good. Now Patricia Woo is
   telling her friends about her new
   job at WEFL. Listen.
PAT:    Well, guys, what can I tell you?
   It's a great job. I'm working
   with some terrific people. The
   producer's name is Maria. She's
   been at WEFL since 1947, I
   think. She's real old. . . must
   be seventy. She loses things all
   the time. Kind of crazy, if you
   know what I mean. I'm her
   assistant, but actually I'm the
   one who's really in charge.
   Then there's Steven and Jake.
   Steven's our director, and
   Jake's this great reporter. Boy,
   is Jake cute! I mean, like wow!
   They're both young, of course,
   and not married.
   And then there's Jim and Mike
   ... and...
N:    OK. Sometimes Patricia is telling
   the truth, and sometimes Patricia
   is not telling the truth.
   Sometimes she's telling a lie.
   Now listen and repeat.
M:    she's telling
   She's telling the truth.
   She's telling the truth.
   she's telling
   She's telling a lie.
   She's telling a lie.
N:    From what you know about the
   people at WEFL, decide if
   Patricia is telling the truth or
   telling a lie. You hear. . .
F:    The producer's name is Maria.
N:    And you say. . .
M:    She's telling the truth.
N:    You hear. . .
F:    She's real old. . . must be
   seventy.
N:    And you say. . .
M:    She's telling a lie.
N:    OK? Let's begin.
F:    The producer's name is Maria.
M:    She's telling the truth.
F:    She's real old. . . must be
   seventy .
M:    She's telling a lie.
F:    She loses things all the time.
M:    She's telling the truth.
F:    I'm her assistant.
M:    She's telling the truth.
F:    But actually I'm the one who's
   really in charge.
M:    She's telling a lie.

183
   F:    Then there's Steven and Jake.
       Steven's our director, and Jake's
       this great reporter.
   M:    She's telling the truth.
   F:    Boy, is Jake cute! I mean, like
       wow!
   M:    She's telling the truth.
   F:    They're both young, of course,
       and not married.
   M:    She's telling a lie.
   N:    OK. Patricia Woo didn't tell the
       truth on her resume. She
       said. . .
   PAT:    I was a reporter at the Tribune.
   N:    Maria called an editor at the
       Tribune to check. The editor
       said. . .
   EDITOR:    A reporter? Patricia who?
   N:    And Maria said. . .
   MARIA:    Patricia Woo, W -0-0, Woo.
   N:    And the editor said . . .
   EDITOR:    Oh,yeah. Pat Woo. I have
       no idea what she told you,
       but she wasn't a reporter.
       She was an assistant
       reporter.
   N:    Now Steven wants to know what
       the truth is. He sees Ms. Woo
       across the parking lot and
       decides to talk to her. Listen to
       their conversation.
   STEVEN:    Yoo-hoo, Ms. Woo...
       Pat!
   PAT:    Oh, hello. . . Hi!
       Congratulations on the new
       addition to the family.
   STEVEN:    Thanks. Do you have a
       minute? There's a small
       problem about your
       resume -
   PAT:    Oh, that assistant reporter
       business. I already told
       Maria the whole story.
   STEVEN:    But the editor said to
       Maria -
   PAT:    Listen, Steven, I have no
       idea what the editor at the
       Tribune said to her or didn't
       say to her. . . or which
       editor may have told these
       lies. I'm telling you the
       truth. I was a reporter, and
       I have the stories to prove
       it. When he talks about
       assistant, maybe he's
       talking about the terrible
       salary they paid me.
   N:    Now listen and repeat.
   M:    I have no idea
       I have no idea what

   I have no idea what she told you.
   I have no idea what she told you.
F:    I have no idea
   I have no idea what
   I have no idea what the editor
   said to her.
   I have no idea what the editor
   said to her.
N:    Now I say, "Do you know what
   Patricia told us?" And you
   say.. .
F:    I have no idea what she told you.
N:    I say, "Guess what the editor said
   to Maria." And you say. . .
F:    I have no idea what he said to
   her.    
N:    OK? Let's begin. Do you know
   what Patricia told us?
F:    I have no idea what she told you.
N:    Guess what the editor said to
   . Maria.
F:    I have no idea what he said to
   her.    
N:    Do you know where Jake is?
F:    I have no idea where he is.
N:    When is Kathy coming back?
F:    I have no idea when she's
   coming back.
N:    Guess what Maria said to me.
F:    I have no idea what she said to
   you.
N:    How are Mike and Jim doing in
   New York?
F:    I have no idea how they're doing
   in New York.
N:    Do you know what happens to
   people who tell lies?
F:    I have no idea what happens to
   people who tell lies.
N:    Do you know when this lesson
   ends?
F:    I have no idea when it ends.
N:    Actually, it ends right now. This
   is the end of Review Three.

10

       
BOOK EIGHT, LESSON NINE

N:    This is Lesson Nine. Here's
   the opening to Jim Stuart's
   report on F.A.O. Schwarz.
   Listen.
JIM:        What should you buy for a little
       boy? Do you know what you
       should buy for a little girl? If you
       have no idea what they want,
       then F.A.O. Schwarz is the
       place for you.
N:    Now listen and repeat.
M:    what should
   what should you buy
       

   
   What should you buy for a little
   boy?
   What should you buy for a little
   boy?
   do you know
   do you know what
   do you know what you should
   buy
   Do you know what you should
   buy for a little girl?
   Do you know what you should
   buy for a little girl?
N:    The word should is used here to
   offer advice. Another way of
   saying "What should you buy for
   a little boy?" is "What's the right
   thing to buy for a little boy?"
   Possible answers to these
   questions are "The right thing to
   buy for a little boy is a teddy
   bear" or "You should buy a teddy
   bear for a little boy." They're
   about the same. Let's practice
   some sentences with should. You
   hear.. .
F:    I haven't bought anything for
   Peter Winn yet.
N:    And you say. . .
M:    You should buy something for
   him.
N:    You hear. . .
F:    Steven hasn't taken a vacation
   in three years.
N:    And you say. . .
M:    He should take a vacation.
N:    OK? Let's go.
F:    I haven't bought anything for
   Peter Winn yet.
M:    You should buy something for
   him.
F:    Steven hasn't taken a vacation
   in three years.
M:    He should take a vacation.
F:    Anne doesn't get any sleep at
   night.
M:    She should get some sleep.
F:    Greg and Dan haven't done any
   work in six months.
M:    They should do some work.
F:    They haven't paid their rent in
   two years.
M:    They should_pay their rent.
F:    Pat hasn't eaten anything for two
   days.
M:    She should eat something.
F:    We haven't studied our English
   this week.
M:    You should study your English.
N:    Now back to Jim talking about
   F.A.O. Schwarz.


184

   
JIM:    It may be the biggest toy store
   in the world! And if you can't
   find the right present here, then
   you can't find it anywhere.
   Today, we're shopping for
   someone special. Steven Winn,
   our director, has just had a little
   baby boy! So come on, we'll all
   go shopping!
N:    Listen to the customers at
   F.A.O. Schwarz. Listen carefully
   for the toys. What toys are
   named?
SHOPPER I: I'm shopping for my
   nephew. I have no idea
   what I should get him.
JIM:    Maybe you'll find a toy
   at F.A.O. Schwarz.
SHOPPER 1: I'm not sure what I'll
   buy today.
JIM:    Maybe a truck or a
   football.
SHOPPER 1: I don't know what I
   want to buy.
JIM:    Dolls are popular. And I
   don't know where you
   can find better ones . . .
   I wonder what this little
   girl will buy. . .
SHOPPER 2: I need a gift for my
   husband, but I don't
   remember what his
   size is.
N:    OK. Do you remember what toys
   they talked about? What are
   they?
M:    A truck, a football, and dolls.
N:    Now listen and repeat.
F:    I don't remember
   I don't remember what
   I don't remember what his size is.
   I don't remember what his size is.
N:    Now you hear. . .
M:    So, what's your husband's size?
N:    And you say. . .
F:    I don't remember what his size is.
N:    You hear. . .
M:    Tell me, where does he shop for
   his clothes? Maybe we could call
   the store.
N:    And you say. . .
F:    I don't remember where he shops
   for his clothes.
N:    Ready? Here we go.
M:    So, what's your husband's size?
F:    I don't remember what his size is.
M:    Tell me, where does he shop for
   his clothes? Maybe we could call
   the store.
   

F:    I don't remember where he shops
   for his clothes.
M:    How about ties? What kind of
   ties does he wear?
F:    I don't remember what kind of
   ties he wears.
M:    I know. Why don't we call him
   to ask him his size? What's his
   office number?
F:    I don't remember what his office
   number is.
M:    How about the name of the
   company? We could look the
   number up. Where does he
   work?
F:    I don't remember where he
   works.
M:    Well, you're having a problem
   with your memory today, aren't
   you? What's your name?
F:    I don't remember what my name
   is.    
N:    Now listen and repeat.
F:    I don't remember what my name
   is.    .
   I don't remember what my name
   is.    
N:    OK, I say, "His." And you
   say. . .
F:    I don't remember what his name
   is.    
N:    I say, "Size." And you say. . .
F:    I don't remember what his size is.
N:    OK? Let's go. His.
F:    I don't remember what his name
   is.    
N:    Size.
F:    I don't remember what his size is.
N:    Know.
F:    I don't know what his size is.
N:    Address.
F:    I don't know what his address is.
N:    Was.
F:    I don't know what his address
   was.
N:    Didn't.
F:    I didn't know what his address
   was.
N:    This.
F:    I didn't know what this address
   was.
N:    Wasn't sure.
F:    I wasn't sure what this address
   was.
N:    Lesson.
F:    I wasn't sure what this lesson
   was.
N:    When.
F:    I wasn't sure when this lesson
   was.

N:    Ends.
M:    I wasn't sure when this lesson
   ends.
N:    Well, now you know. And, this,
   Sam, is the end of Lesson Nine.