First Line: Glottal
a, A, e, s, h are pronounced with the front of the tongue lying right behind the teeth. s and h are pronounced like their English counterparts. The first three letters in this line are vowels.
a
ooraa A
airaa e
eeree s
sassa h
hahaa
Second Line: Velars
k, K, g, G are pronounced with the front of the tongue lying on the mouth`s bottom. You should raise the back of your tongue slightly, closing the throat, and opening it just before sound is made. The last letter in this line has a nasal sound.
k
kakaa K
khakhaa g
gagaa G
ghaghaa |
ngangaa
Third Line: Pre-Palatals
c, C, j, J are pronounced by bringing the teeth together with the tongue lying on the mouth`s bottom. The last letter in this line has a nasal sound.
c
chachaa C
chhachhaa j
jajaa J
jhajhaa \
njanja
Fourth Line: Retroflexes
t, T, f, F are pronounced by bringing the tip of your tongue to the top of your mouth and flipping it down without touching the front teeth.
t
tainkaa T
thathaa f
dadaa F
dhadhaa x
naanaa
Fifth Line: Dentals
q, Q, d, D, n are pronounced by making your tongue go just behind the upper teeth. You pronounce n just like n in English.
q
tataa Q
thathaa d
dadaa D
dhadhaa n
naanaa
Sixth Line: Labials
p, P, b, B, m are pronounced by putting your lips together.
p
papaa P
phaphaa b
babaa B
bhabhaa m
mamaa
Seventh Line: Semi-Vowels
X, r, l, v are pronounced like their English counterparts. However, you must roll your tongue with r.
X
yayaa r
raraa l
lalaa v
vavaa V
raaraa
