旁遮普语

Gender in Punjabi

All nouns in Punjabi are either masculine or feminine.


Names of males are masculine and females are feminine.

Masculine ipE
pi`o  father
muMfw
mundaa  boy
bYl
bail  bull

Feminine mW
maa'n  mother
kuVI
kuree  girl
gW
gaa'n  cow




Names of places, mountains, oceans, months, planets, trees, and jewels are masculine.
Names of languages, lunar days, stars, spices, rivers, and carriers are feminine.

Masculine bMgwl
bangaal  Bengal
ihmwlIAw
himaalee'aa  Himalayas
sUrj
sooraj  sun
ivswK
visaakh  Visakhi
lohw
lohaa  iron
AMb
ammb  mango

Feminine pMjwbI
pa'njaabi  Punjabi
gMgw
ga'ngaa  Ganga
pUrnmwSI
poornamaasee  full moon
lONg
loung  clove
ryl
rel  train

http://www.punjabonline.com/punjabi/gender.html

Singular and Plural
Masculine nouns ending in 'aa' change the 'aa' into 'e' to form the nominative plural.


Singular muMfw
mundaa  boy
GoVw
ghoraa  horse

Plural muMfy
munde  boys
GoVy
ghore  horses




Masculine nouns not ending in 'aa' do not change.

Singular Pl
phal  fruit
hwQI
haathee  elephant

Plural Pl
phal  fruit
hwQI
haathee  elephant
http://www.punjabonline.com/punjabi/number.html

Imperative

Verb Root = Imperative in singular
Verb Root + o = Imperative in plural



qMU h`s [
too'n hass  You laugh. (singular)
qusIN h`so [
tusee'n hasso  You laugh. (plural)
qUM Gr cl [
too'n ghar chal  You go home.
qusIN s`c dso [
tusee'n suchch daso  You tell the truth.
myry \l \yKo [
mere val vekho  Look at me.
qusIN kylw KwE [
tusee'n kelaa khaa'o  You eat banana.
qusIN kudo nw [
tusee'n kudo naa  You don't jump.

http://www.punjabonline.com/punjabi/imperative.html

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Auxiliary Verbs

The auxiliary verb, hoxw, shows existance. It is generally used after phrases and the end of sentences. In the present and past tense, the auxiliary verb does not change according to the gender of the subject, however, in the future tense, the auxiliary verb does change according to the subject gender. This is all illustrated below.

Present Tense

Singular mYN hW
mai'n haa'n I am.
qUM hYN
too'n hai'n Thou art.
auh hY
uh hai He/She is.

Plural AsIN hw
asee'n haa'n We are.
qusIN ho
tusee'n ho You are.
ah hn
oh han They are.






Past Tense

Singular mYN sI
mai'n see I was.
qUM sI
too'n see Thou were.
auh sI
uh see He/She was.

Plural AsIN sW
asee'n sW We were.
qusIN so
tusee'n so You were.
ah sn
oh san They were.






Future Tense

Singular (masculine) mYN hovWgw
mai'n hovaa'ngaa I shall be.
qUM hovygw
too'n hove'ngaa Thou wilt be.
auh hovygw
uh hovegaa He will be.

Plural (masculine) AsIN hovWgy
asee'n hovaa'nge We will be.
qusIN hovoNgy
tusee'n hovo'nge You will be.
ah hoxgy
oh honge They will be.






Singular (feminine) mYN hovWgI
mai'n hovaa'ngee I shall be.
qUM hovygI
too'n hove'ngee Thou wilt be.
auh hovygI
uh hovegee She will be.

Plural (feminine) AsIN hovWgIAW
asee'n hovaa'ngee'aa'n We will be.
qusIN hovoNgIAW
tusee'n houogee'aa'n You will be.
ah hoxgIAW
oh hongee'aa'n They will be.
http://www.punjabonline.com/punjabi/auxiliary.html

Present Tense

We illustrate the how the verb changes in present tense. In general, to form the present tense, you take the verb root, add the appropriate suffix (i.e. daa, dee, etc...), and then combine with the auxiliary verb. The verb suffix changes according to the number and gender of the subject.
In our example, we will use the verb krnw. Thus, the verb root is kr. The verb suffix for the singular and masculine subject is dw, for the plural and masculine subject is dy, for the singular and feminine subject is dI, and finally for the plural and feminine subject is dIAW.


Singular Masculine mYN krdw hW
mai'n kardaa haa'n I do.
qUM krdw hYN
too'n kardaa hai'n Thou doest.
auh krdw hY
uh kardaa hai He does.

Plural Masculine AsIN krdy hw
asee'n karde haa'n We do.
qusIN krdy ho
tusee'n karde ho You do.
ah krdy hn
oh karde han They do.






Singular Feminine mYN krdI hW
mai'n kardee haa'n I do.
qUM krdI hYN
too'n kardee hai'n Thou doest.
auh krdI hY
uh kardee hai She does.

Plural Feminine AsIN krdIAW hw
asee'n kardee'aa haa'n We do.
qusIN krdIAW ho
tusee'n kardee'aa ho You do.
ah krdIAW hn
oh kardee'aa han They do
http://www.punjabonline.com/punjabi/present.html

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Punjab, a region in Northern India and the east side of Pakistan, has a long history and rich cultural heritage. The people of the Punjab are called Punjabis and they speak a language called Punjabi. The three main religions in the area are Sikhism, Hinduism, and Islam. The region has been invaded and ruled by many different empires and races, including the Aryans, Persians, Greeks, Egyptians, Afghans, and Mongols. Around the time of the 15th Century, Guru Nanak Dev founded the Sikh religion, which quickly came to prominence in the region, and shortly afterwards, Maharaja Ranjit Singh reformed the Punjab into a secular and powerful state. The 19th Century saw the beginning of British rule, which led to the emergence of several heroic Punjabi freedom fighters. In 1947, at the end of British rule, the Punjab was split between Pakistan and India .

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