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emphasize          
        emphasize   emphasizes   emphasizing   emphasized  
    To emphasize something means to indicate that it is particularly important or true, or to draw special attention to it.
        But it's also been emphasized that no major policy changes can be expected to come out of the meeting.
        Discuss pollution with your child, emphasizing how nice a clean street, lawn, or park looks.
    VB  (BRIT) also emphasise  
    
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

brief          
    1    brief   briefer   briefest  
    Something that is brief lasts for only a short time.
        She once made a brief appearance on television.
        This time their visit is brief.
    ADJ-GRADED  
    = short  * lengthy  
    2    brief   briefer   briefest  
    A brief speech or piece of writing does not contain too many words or details.
        In a brief statement, he concentrated entirely on international affairs.
        Write a very brief description of a typical problem.
    ADJ-GRADED  
    = concise  
    3    brief   briefer   briefest  
    If you are brief, you say what you want to say in as few words as possible.
        Now please be briefmmy time is valuable.
        I hope to be brief and to the point.
    ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ  
    = succinct  
    4    brief   briefer   briefest  
    You can describe a period of time as brief if you want to emphasize that it is very short.
        For a few brief minutes we forgot the anxiety and anguish.
    ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n  emphasis  
    * long  
    5    brief   briefs  
    Men's or women's underpants can be referred to as briefs.
    N-PLURAL: also a pair of N  
    
    6    brief   briefs   briefing   briefed  
    If someone briefs you, especially about a piece of work or a serious matter, they give you information that you need before you do it or consider it.
        A Defense Department spokesman briefed reporters.
        The Prime Minister has been briefed by her parliamentary aides.
    VB  
    = fill in  
    7    brief   briefs  
    If someone gives you a brief, they officially give you responsibility for dealing with a particular thing. (mainly BRIT, FORMAL)
        ...customs officials with a brief to stop foreign porn coming into Britain.
    N-COUNT: oft N to-inf  
    = responsibility  
    8    brief  
    If you refer to something in brief, you are referring to a shortened version of it with few details.
        ...and now sport in brief.
    PHR: n PHR  
    
    9    brief  
    You can say in brief to indicate that you are about to say something in as few words as possible or to give a summary of what you have just said.
        In brief, take no risks.
    PHR: PHR with cl  
    = in short  * in full  
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

contain          
    1    contain   contains   contained  
    If something such as a box, bag, room, or place contains things, those things are inside it.
        The bag contained a Christmas card.
        Factory shops contain a wide range of cheap furnishings.
        The 77,000-acre estate contains five of the highest peaks in Scotland.
    VB: no cont  
    
    2    contain   contains   contained  
    If a substance contains something, that thing is a part of it.
        Greek yogurt contains much less fat than double cream.
        Many cars run on petrol which contains lead.
    VB: no cont  
    
    3    contain   contains   contained  
    If writing, speech, or film contains particular information, ideas, or images, it includes them.
        This sheet contained a list of problems a patient might like to raise with the doctor.
        The two discs also contain two of Britten's lesser-known song-cycles.
    VB: no cont  
    
    4    contain   contains   contained  
    If a group or organization contains a certain number of people, those are the people that are in it.
        The committee contains 11 Democrats and nine Republicans.
    VB: no cont  
    
    5    contain   contains   containing   contained  
    If you contain something, you control it and prevent it from spreading or increasing.
        More than a hundred firemen are still trying to contain the fire at the plant.
        The city authorities said the curfew had contained the violence.
    VB  
    = control  
    6    contain   contains   containing   contained  
    If you cannot contain a feeling such as excitement or anger, or if you cannot contain yourself, you cannot prevent yourself from showing your feelings.
        But he was bursting with curiosity, and one day he just couldn't contain himself. `What are you going to do?' he asked.
        Evans could barely contain his delight: `I'm so proud of her,' he said.
    VB  
    
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underpants          
        underpants  
    Underpants are a piece of underwear which have two holes to put your legs through and elastic around the top to hold them up round your waist or hips. In British English, underpants refers to only men's underwear but in American English it refers to both men's and women's.
    N-PLURAL: also a pair of N  
    
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

shorten          
    1    shorten   shortens   shortening   shortened  
    If you shorten an event or the length of time that something lasts, or if it shortens, it does not last as long as it would otherwise do or as it used to do.
        Smoking can shorten your life.
        The trading day is shortened in observance of the Labor Day holiday.
        When the days shorten in winter some people suffer depression.
    V-ERG  
    * lengthen  
    2    shorten   shortens   shortening   shortened  
    If you shorten an object or if it shortens, it becomes smaller in length.
        Her father paid s1,000 for an operation to shorten her nose.
    V-ERG  
    * lengthen  
    3    shorten   shortens   shortening   shortened  
    If you shorten a name or other word, you change it by removing some of the letters.
        Originally called Lili, she eventually shortened her name to Lee.
    VB  
    
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otherwise          
    1    otherwise  
    You use otherwise after stating a situation or fact, in order to say what the result or consequence would be if this situation or fact was not the case.
        Make a note of the questions you want to ask. You will invariably forget some of them otherwise.
        I'm lucky that I'm interested in school work, otherwise I'd go mad.
        ...men who want to provide positive role models for kids who might otherwise be out on the streets.
    ADV: ADV with cl  
    
    2    otherwise  
    You use otherwise before stating the general condition or quality of something, when you are also mentioning an exception to this general condition or quality.
        The decorations for the games have lent a splash of colour to an otherwise drab city.
        ...a blue and gold caravan, slightly travel-stained but otherwise in good condition.
    ADV: ADV group  
    
    3    otherwise  
    You use otherwise to refer in a general way to actions or situations that are very different from, or the opposite to, your main statement. (WRITTEN)
        Take approximately 60mg up to four times a day, unless advised otherwise by a doctor.
        There is no way anything would ever happen between us, and believe me I've tried to convince myself otherwise.
        All photographs are by the author unless otherwise stated.
    ADV: ADV with v  
    
    4    otherwise  
    You use otherwise to indicate that other ways of doing something are possible in addition to the way already mentioned.
        The studio could punish its players by keeping them out of work, and otherwise controlling their lives.
    ADV: ADV before v  
    
    5    otherwise  
    You use or otherwise or and otherwise to mention something that is not the thing just referred to or is the opposite of that thing.
        It was for the police to assess the validity or otherwise of the evidence.
        He didn't want company, talkative or otherwise.
        I was feeling really ill, mentally and otherwise.
    PHR: n/adj PHR  
    
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

version          
    1    version   versions  
    A version of something is a particular form of it in which some details are different from earlier or later forms.
        ...an updated version of his book...
        Ludo is a version of an ancient Indian racing game.
        The second-hand version is a poor copy of the original.
    N-COUNT: oft N of n  
    
    2    version   versions  
    Someone's version of an event is their own description of it, especially when it is different to other people's.
        Yesterday afternoon the White House put out a new version of events.
        She and her friends wanted to go public with their version of the incident.
        There have been widely differing versions in the newspapers about the  prison siege.
    N-COUNT: with supp, oft poss N, N of n  
    = account  
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

summary          
    1    summary   summaries  
    You use in summary to indicate that what you are about to say is a summary of what has just been said.
        What follows is a brief summary of the process.
        Here's a summary of the day's news.
        Milligan gives a fair summary of his subject within a relatively short space.
        In summary, it is my opinion that this complete treatment process was very successful.
    PHR: PHR with cl  
    
    2    summary  
    Summary actions are done without delay, often when something else should have been done first or done instead. (FORMAL)
        It says torture and summary execution are common.
        There is no doubt that some considered that a beating was no more than summary justice.
        The four men were killed after a summary trial.
    ADJ: ADJ n  
    
    ?summarily  
        Several detainees had been summarily executed.
    ADV: ADV with v  
    
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survey          
    1    survey   surveys  
    If you carry out a survey, you try to find out detailed information about a lot of different people or things, usually by asking people a series of questions.
        The council conducted a survey of the uses to which farm buildings are put.
        According to the survey, overall world trade has also slackened.
    N-COUNT  
    
    2    survey     surveys     surveying     surveyed    
    If you survey a number of people, companies, or organizations, you try to find out information about their opinions or behaviour, usually by asking them a series of questions.
        Business Development Advisers surveyed 211 companies for the report.
        Only 18 percent of those surveyed opposed the idea.
    VB  
    
    3    survey     surveys     surveying     surveyed    
    If you survey something, you look at or consider the whole of it carefully.
        He pushed himself to his feet and surveyed the room.
        He surveys American politics with a conservative world view.
    VB  
    
    4    survey  
    If you give something a brief survey or a quick survey, you look at or consider all of it quickly, but not in detail.
        ...a brief survey of some important books on astrology...
        He sniffed the perfume she wore, then gave her a quick survey.
    N-SING: with supp, oft N of n  
    
    5    survey   surveys  
    If someone carries out a survey of an area of land, they examine it and measure it, usually in order to make a map of it.
        ...the organizer of the geological survey of India...
        The scientists conducted two aerial surveys followed by two ground surveys.
    N-COUNT  
    
    6    survey     surveys     surveying     surveyed    
    If someone surveys an area of land, they examine it and measure it, usually in order to make a map of it.
        Scarborough Council commissioned geological experts earlier this year to survey the cliffs.
    VB  
    
    ?surveying  
        ...data relating to astronomy, astrology, surveying and navigation.
        ...surveying equipment.
    N-UNCOUNT  
    
    7    survey   surveys  
    A survey is a careful examination of the condition and structure of a house, usually carried out in order to give information to a person who wants to buy it. (mainly BRIT; in AM use inspection)
        ...a structural survey undertaken by a qualified surveyor.
    N-COUNT  
    = inspection  
    8    survey     surveys     surveying     surveyed    
    If someone surveys a house, they examine it carefully and report on its structure, usually in order to give advice to a person who is thinking of buying it. (mainly BRIT; in AM use inspect)
        ...the people who surveyed the house for the mortgage.
    VB  
    = inspect  
    ?surveying  
        In more than 30 years of surveying he has never yet known a building to collapse because of subsidence.
    N-UNCOUNT  
    
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examine          
    1    examine   examines   examining   examined  
    If you examine something, you look at it carefully.
        He examined her passport and stamped it.
        Forensic scientists are examining what police believe to have been the bombers' car.
    VB  
    
    ?examination   examinations  
        The Navy is to carry out an examination of the wreck tomorrow.
        They have also searched offices in Sheffield and taken away documents for examination.
    N-VAR  
    = inspection  
    2    examine   examines   examining   examined  
    If a doctor examines you, he or she looks at your body, feels it, or does simple tests in order to check how healthy you are.
        Another doctor examined her and could still find nothing wrong.
        He was examined again and then prescribed a different herbal medicine.
    VB  
    
    ?examination  
        He was later discharged after an examination at Westminster Hospital.
        Further examination is needed to exclude the chance of disease.
    N-VAR  
    
    3    examine   examines   examining   examined  
    If an idea, proposal, or plan is examined, it is considered very carefully.
        I have given the matter much thought, examining all the possible alternatives.
        The plans will be examined by EC environment ministers.
    VB  
    
    ?examination  
        The government said it was studying the implications, which `required very careful examination and consideration'.
    N-VAR  
    
    4    examine   examines   examining   examined  
    If you are examined, you are given a formal test in order to show your knowledge of a subject.
        ...learning to cope with the pressures of being judged and examined by our teachers.
    VB: usu passive  
    
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