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principle          
    1    principle   principles  
    A principle is a general belief that you have about the way you should behave, which influences your behaviour.
        Buck never allowed himself to be bullied into doing anything that went against his principles.
        ...moral principles...
        It's not just a matter of principle.
        ...a man of principle.
    N-VAR: usu poss N, adj N, prep N  
    
    2    principle   principles  
    The principles of a particular theory or philosophy are its basic rules or laws.
        ...a violation of the basic principles of Marxism...
        The doctrine was based on three fundamental principles.
    N-COUNT: usu N of n, adj N  
    
    3    principle   principles  
    Scientific principles are general scientific laws which explain how something happens or works.
        These people lack all understanding of scientific principles.
        ...the principles of quantum theory.
    N-COUNT: usu adj N, N of n  
    
    4    principle  
    If you agree with something in principle, you agree in general terms to the idea of it, although you do yet know the details or know if it will be possible.
        I agree with it in principle but I doubt if it will happen in practice.
    PHR: usu PHR after v  
    
    5    principle  
    If something is possible in principle, there is no known reason why it should not happen, even though it has not happened before.
        Even assuming this to be in principle possible, it will not be achieved soon.
    PHR  
    = in theory  
    6    principle  
    If you refuse to do something on principle, you refuse to do it because of a particular belief that you have.
        He would vote against it on principle.
        His father, on principle, did not like to hear requests for money.
    PHR: usu with brd-neg, PHR after v  
    
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

normal          
    1    normal  
    Something that is normal is usual and ordinary, and is what people expect.
        He has occasional injections to maintain his good health but otherwise he lives a normal life.
        The two countries resumed normal diplomatic relations.
        Some of the shops were closed but that's quite normal for a Thursday afternoon.
        In November, Clean's bakery produced 50 percent more bread than normal.
        Life in Israel will continue as normal.
    ADJ-GRADED  
    * abnormal  
    2    normal  
    A normal person has no serious physical or mental health problems.
        Statistics indicate that depressed patients are more likely to become ill than are normal people.
        Will the baby be normal?
    ADJ-GRADED  
    = healthy  
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

nature          
    1    nature  
    Nature is all the animals, plants, and other things in the world that are not made by people, and all the events and processes that are not caused by people.
        The most amazing thing about nature is its infinite variety.
        ...grasses that grow wild in nature.
        ...the ecological balance of nature.
    N-UNCOUNT  
    
        See also Mother Nature.
    2    nature  
    The nature of something is its basic quality or character.
        Mr Sharp would not comment on the nature of the issues being investigated.
        ...the ambitious nature of the programme...
        The protests had been non-political by nature.
        The rise of a major power is both economic and military in nature.
    N-SING: with supp, oft n N, also by/in N  
    
    3    nature  
    Someone's nature is their character, which they show by the way they behave.
        Jeya feels that her ambitious nature made her unsuitable for an arranged marriage.
        She trusted people. That was her nature.
        He was by nature affectionate.
    N-SING: with poss, also by N  
    
        See also human nature.
    4    nature  
    If you say that something is against nature, you think that it is unnatural.
        All these activities are against nature.
    PHR: v-link PHR  
    = unnatural  
    5    nature  
    If you want to get back to nature, you want to return to a simpler way of living.
        She was very anxious to get away from cities and back to nature.
    PHR: PHR after v  
    
    6    nature  
    If you say that something has a particular characteristic by its nature or by its very nature, you mean that things of that type always have that characteristic.
        Peacekeeping, by its nature, makes pre-planning difficult.
        One could argue that smoking, by its very nature, is addictive.
    PHR: N inflects, PHR with cl  
    
    7    nature  
    Some people talk about a call of nature when referring politely to the need to go to the toilet.
        I'm afraid I have to answer a call of nature.
    PHR: PHR after v  politeness  
    
    8    nature  
    If you say that something is in the nature of things, you mean that you would expect it to happen in the circumstances mentioned.
        Of course, in the nature of things, and with a lot of drinking going on, people failed to notice.
        Many have already died, and in the nature of things many more will die.
    PHR: PHR with cl  
    
    9    nature  
    If you say that one thing is in the nature of another, you mean that it is like the other thing.
        There is movement towards, I think, something in the nature of a pluralistic system.
        It was in the nature of a debate rather than an argument.
    PHR: PHR n, usu v-link PHR, pron-indef PHR  
    
    10    nature  
    If a way of behaving is second nature to you, you do it almost without thinking because it is easy for you or obvious to you.
        Planning ahead had always come as second nature to her.
        It's not easy at first, but it soon becomes second nature.
    PHR: v-link PHR, oft PHR to n  
    
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

appearance          
    1    appearance   appearances  
    When someone makes an appearance at a public event or in a broadcast, they take part in it.
        It was the president's second public appearance to date.
        Keegan made 68 appearances in two seasons for Southampton, scoring 37 times.
    N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft supp N  
    
    2    appearance  
    Someone's or something's appearance is the way that they look.
        She used to be so fussy about her appearance.
        He had the appearance of a college student.
        A flat-roofed extension will add nothing to the value or appearance of the house.
    N-SING: with supp  
    
    3    appearance  
    The appearance of someone or something in a place is their arrival there, especially when it is unexpected.
        The sudden appearance of a few bags of rice could start a riot.
        ...last Christmas, when there'd been the welcome appearance of Cousin Fred.
    N-SING: with supp, oft N of n  
    
    4    appearance  
    The appearance of something new is its coming into existence or use.
        Flowering plants were making their first appearance, but were still a rarity.
        Fears are growing of a cholera outbreak following the appearance of a number of cases in the city.
    N-SING: with supp, oft N of n  
    
    5    appearance  
    If something has the appearance of a quality, it seems to have that quality.
        We tried to meet both children's needs without the appearance of favoritism or unfairness.
        The US president risked giving the appearance that the US was taking sides.
    N-SING: with supp  
    
    6    appearance  
    If something is true to all appearances, from all appearances, or by all appearances, it seems from what you observe or know about it that it is true.
        He was a small and to all appearances an unassuming man.
    PHR: PHR with cl/group  
    
    7    appearance  
    If you keep up appearances, you try to behave and dress in a way that people expect of you, even if you can no longer afford it.
        His parents' obsession with keeping up appearances haunted his childhood.
    PHR: V inflects  
    
    8    appearance  
    If you put in an appearance at an event, you go to it for a short time although you may not really want to, but do not stay.
        You must put in an appearance, at least, or she'll think you're avoiding her.
    PHR: V inflects  
    = show your face  
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

broadcast          
    1    broadcast   broadcasts  
    A broadcast is a programme, performance, or speech on the radio or on television.
        In a broadcast on state radio the government also announced that it was willing to resume peace negotiations.
    N-COUNT  
    = programme  
    2    broadcast   broadcasts   broadcasting  
    To broadcast a programme means to send it out by radio waves, so that it can be heard on the radio or seen on television.
        The concert will be broadcast live on television and radio.
        CNN also broadcasts in Europe.
    VB  The form broadcast is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle of the verb  
    = transmit  
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

observe          
    1    observe   observes   observing   observed  
    If you observe a person or thing, you watch them carefully, especially in order to learn something about them.
        Stern also studies and observes the behaviour of babies.
        Are there any classes I could observe?.
        Our sniper teams observed them manning an anti-aircraft gun.
    VB  
    = watch, study  
    2    observe   observes   observing   observed  
    If you observe someone or something, you see or notice them. (FORMAL)
        In 1664 Hooke observed a reddish spot on the surface of the planet.
    VB  
    = notice  
    3    observe   observes   observing   observed  
    If you observe that something is the case, you make a remark or comment about it, especially when it is something you have noticed and thought about a lot. (FORMAL)
        We observe that the first calls for radical transformation did not begin until the period of the industrial revolution.
        `He is a fine young man,' observed Stephen.
    VB  
    
    4    observe   observes   observing   observed  
    If you observe something such as a law or custom, you obey it or follow it.
        Imposing speed restrictions is easy, but forcing motorists to observe them is trickier.
        The army was observing a ceasefire.
        American forces are observing Christmas quietly.
    VB  
    = honour  
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

custom          
    1    custom   customs  
    A custom is an activity, a way of behaving, or an event which is usual or traditional in a particular society or in particular circumstances.
        The custom of lighting the Olympic flame goes back centuries.
        Chung has tried to adapt to local customs.
    N-VAR: usu with supp, oft N of -ing  
    
    2    custom  
    If it is your custom to do something, you usually do it in particular circumstances.
        It was his custom to approach every problem cautiously.
        As is the custom, police forensic experts carried out a painstaking search of the debris.
    N-SING: oft with poss  
    
    3    custom  
    If a shop has your custom, you regularly buy things there. (BRIT, FORMAL)
        You have the right to withhold your custom if you so wish.
        Providing discounts is not the only way to win custom.
    N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss  
    
    4    custom  
    If you use custom to describe something such as a vehicle or a piece of clothing, you mean that it has been designed for one particular customer.
        Her one-of-a-kind custom garments are priced from one hundred dollars to more than a thousand dollars.
    ADJ: ADJ n  
    
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

obey          
        obey   obeys   obeying   obeyed  
    If you obey a person, a command, or an instruction, you do what you are told to do.
        Cissie obeyed her mother without question.
        Most people obey the law.
        It was still Baker's duty to obey.
    VB  
    = follow  
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

attractive          
    1    attractive  
    A person who is attractive is pleasant to look at.
        She's a very attractive woman.
        I thought he was very attractive and obviously very intelligent.
        He was always immensely attractive to women.
    ADJ-GRADED  
    * unattractive  
    ?attractiveness  
        Most of us would maintain that physical attractiveness does not play a major part in how we react to the people we meet.
    N-UNCOUNT  
    
    2    attractive  
    Something that is attractive has a pleasant appearance or sound.
        The flat was small but attractive, if rather shabby.
        The creamy white flowers are attractive in the spring.
    ADJ-GRADED  
    * unattractive  
    ?attractively  
        It's an attractively illustrated, detailed guide that's very practical.
    ADV-GRADED: usu ADV -ed/adj  
    
    ?attractiveness  
        The forest will enhance the attractiveness of the region.
    N-UNCOUNT  
    
    3    attractive  
    You can describe something as attractive when it seems worth having or doing.
        Co-operation was more than just an attractive option, it was an obligation.
        Smoking is still attractive to many young people who see it as glamorous.
    ADJ-GRADED  
    = appealing  * unattractive  
    ?attractively  
        The services are attractively priced and are tailored to suit individual requirements.
    ADV-GRADED: ADV -ed/adj  
    
    ?attractiveness  
        The attractiveness of the schemes depends almost entirely on tax relief.
    N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n  
    
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

arrange          
    1    arrange   arranges   arranging   arranged  
    If you arrange an event or meeting, you make plans for it to happen.
        She arranged an appointment for Friday afternoon at four-fifteen.
        This time it was a friend ringing to try to arrange a fishing trip in Scotland.
        The Russian leader threw the carefully arranged welcome into chaos.
    VB  
    
    2    arrange   arranges   arranging   arranged  
    If you arrange with someone to do something, you make plans with them to do it.
        I've arranged to see him on Friday morning.
        It was arranged that the party would gather for lunch in the Royal Garden Hotel.
        He had arranged for the boxes to be stored until they could be collected.
    VB  
    
    3    arrange   arranges   arranging   arranged  
    If you arrange something for someone, you make it possible for them to have it or to do it.
        I will arrange for someone to take you round.
        The hotel manager will arrange for a baby-sitter.
        I've arranged your hotels for you.
        Transport is not included but can be arranged.
    VB  
    
    4    arrange   arranges   arranging   arranged  
    If you arrange things somewhere, you place them in a particular position, usually in order to make them look attractive or tidy.
        When she has a little spare time she enjoys arranging dried flowers.
        He started to arrange the books in piles.
        A number of seats have been arranged in front of the painting.
    VB  
    
    5    arrange   arranges   arranging   arranged  
    If a piece of music is arranged by someone, it is changed or adapted so that it is suitable for particular instruments or voices, or for a particular performance.
        The songs were arranged by another well-known bass player, Ron Carter.
    VB: usu passive  
    
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.