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significant          
    1    significant  
    A significant amount or effect is large enough to be important or affect a situation to a noticeable degree.
        Most 11-year-olds are not encouraged to develop reading skills; a small but significant number are illiterate.
        ...foods that offer a significant amount of protein...
        It is the first drug that seems to have a very significant effect on this disease.
    ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n  
    * insignificant  
    ?significantly  
        The number of MPs now supporting him had increased significantly.
        America's airlines have significantly higher productivity than European ones.
    ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj/adv/prep  
    
    2    significant  
    A significant fact, event, or thing is one that is important or shows something.
        Time would appear to be the significant factor in this whole drama.
        ...a very significant piece of legislation...
        I think it was significant that he never knew his own father.
    ADJ-GRADED  
    = important  
    ?significantly  
        Significantly, the company recently opened a huge store in Atlanta.
    ADV-GRADED  
    
    3    significant  
    A significant action or gesture is intended to have a special meaning.
        Mrs Bycraft gave Rose a significant glance.
    ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n  
    = meaningful  
    ?significantly  
        She looked up at me significantly, raising an eyebrow.
    ADV-GRADED: ADV after v  
    
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

gesture          
    1    gesture   gestures  
    A gesture is a movement that you make with a part of your body, especially your hands, to express emotion or information.
        Sarah made a menacing gesture with her fist.
        He throws his hands open in a gesture which clearly indicates his relief.
    N-COUNT  
    
    2    gesture   gestures  
    A gesture is something that you say or do in order to express your attitude or intentions, often something that you know will not have much effect.
        He questioned the government's commitment to peace and called on it to make a gesture of good will.
        There's no greater gesture of love than having someone's name tattooed on your body.
        As a gesture to security, cars were fitted with special locks.
    N-COUNT: oft N of n  
    
    3    gesture   gestures   gesturing   gestured  
    If you gesture, you use movements of your hands or head in order to tell someone something or draw their attention to something.
        I gestured towards the boathouse, and he looked inside.
        He gestures, gesticulates, and moves with the grace of a dancer.
    VB  
    
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

intended          
        intended  
    You use intended to describe the thing you are trying to achieve or person you are trying to affect.
        The intended target had been a military building.
        Keith hoped the obvious sarcasm would have its intended effect.
        It's never occurred to me that the intended victim of the fire was Margaret.
    ADJ: ADJ n  
    
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

property          
    1    property  
    Someone's property is all the things that belong to them or something that belongs to them. (FORMAL)
        Richard could easily destroy her personal property to punish her for walking out on him.
        Security forces searched thousands of homes, confiscating weapons and stolen property.
    N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss  
    = belongings, possessions  
    2    property   properties  
    A property is a building and the land belonging to it. (FORMAL)
        Cecil  inherited a family property near Stamford.
        This vehicle has been parked on private property.
    N-VAR  
    
    3    property   properties  
    The properties of a substance or object are the ways in which it behaves in particular conditions.
        A radio signal has both electrical and magnetic properties.
    N-COUNT: usu pl  
    
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

chemical          
    1    chemical  
    Chemical means involving or resulting from a reaction between two or more substances, or relating to the substances that something consists of.
        ...chemical reactions that cause ozone destruction.
        ...the chemical composition of the ocean.
        ...chemical weapons.
    ADJ: ADJ n  
    
    ?chemically  
        ...chemically treated foods...
        The medicine chemically affects your physiology.
    ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj  
    
    2    chemical   chemicals  
    Chemicals are substances that are used in a chemical process or made by a chemical process.
        The whole food chain is affected by the over-use of chemicals in agriculture.
        ...a chemicals company.
        ...the chemical industry.
    N-COUNT: usu pl  
    
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

combine          
    1    combine   combines   combining   combined  
    If you combine two or more things or if they combine, they exist together.
        The Church has something to say on how to combine freedom with responsibility.
        If improved education is combined with other factors dramatic results can be achieved.
        Relief workers say it's worse than ever as disease and starvation combine to kill thousands.
        This suits China's aim of gradual industrial reform combined with fast economic growth.
    V-RECIP-ERG  
    
    2    combine   combines   combining   combined  
    If you combine two or more things or if they combine, they join together to make a single thing.
        David Jacobs was given the job of combining the data from these 19 studies into one giant study.
        Combine the flour with 3 tablespoons water to make a paste.
        Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen combine chemically to form carbohydrates and fats.
        Combined with other compounds, they created a massive dynamite-type bomb.
    V-RECIP-ERG  
    
    3    combine   combines   combining   combined  
    If someone or something combines two qualities or features, they have both those qualities or features at the same time.
        Their system seems to combine the two ideals of strong government and proportional representation.
        ...a clever, far-sighted lawyer who combines legal expertise with social concern...
        Her tale has a consciously youthful tone and storyline, combined with a sly humour.
    VB  
    
    4    combine   combines   combining   combined  
    If someone combines two activities, they do them both at the same time.
        It is possible to combine a career with being a mother.
        He will combine the two jobs over the next three years.
    VB  
    
    5    combine   combines   combining   combined  
    If two or more groups or organizations combine or if someone combines them, they join to form a single group or organization.
        ...an announcement by Steetley and Tarmac of a joint venture that would combine their brick, tile and concrete operations...
        Different states or groups can combine to enlarge their markets.
    V-RECIP-ERG  
    = amalgamate  
    6    combine   combines  
    A combine is a group of people or organizations that are working or acting together.
        ...Veba, an energy-and-chemicals combine that is Germany's fourth-biggest company.
    N-COUNT  
    
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

respond          
    1    respond   responds   responding   responded  
    When you respond to something that is done or said, you react to it by doing or saying something yourself.
        They are likely to respond positively to the President's request for aid.
        The army responded with gunfire and tear gas.
        `Are you well enough to carry on?n`Of course,' she responded scornfully.
        The Belgian Minister of Foreign Affairs responded that the protection of refugees was a matter for an international organization.
    VB  
    
    2    respond   responds   responding   responded  
    When you respond to a need, crisis, or challenge, you take the necessary or appropriate action.
        This modest group size allows our teachers to respond to the needs of each student.
    VB  
    = react  
    3    respond   responds   responding   responded  
    If a patient or their injury or illness is responding to treatment, the treatment is working and they are getting better.
        I'm pleased to say that he is now doing well and responding to treatment.
    VB  
    
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

crisis          
        crisis   crises  
    A crisis is a situation in which something or someone is affected by one or more very serious problems.
        Natural disasters have obviously contributed to the continent's economic crisis.
        The Italian political system has been judged to be in terminal crisis for decades.
        ...children's illnesses or other family crises...
        He's having a mid-life crisis.
        ...someone to turn to in moments of crisis.
    N-VAR: oft supp N  
    
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

challenge          
    1    challenge   challenges  
    A challenge is something new and difficult which requires great effort and determination.
        I like a big challenge and they don't come much bigger than this.
        The new government's first challenge is the economy.
    N-VAR  
    
    2    challenge  
    If someone rises to the challenge, they act in response to a difficult situation which is new to them and are successful.
        The new Germany must rise to the challenge of its enhanced responsibilities.
        They rose to the challenge of entertaining 80 schoolchildren for an afternoon.
    PHR: V inflects  
    
    3    challenge   challenges  
    A challenge to something is a questioning of its truth or value.  A challenge to someone is a questioning of their authority.
        The demonstrators have now made a direct challenge to the authority of the government.
    N-VAR: oft N to n  
    
    4    challenge   challenges   challenging   challenged  
    If you challenge ideas or people, you question their truth, value, or authority.
        Democratic leaders have challenged the president to sign the bill.
        The move was immediately challenged by two of the republics.
        I challenged him on the hypocrisy of his political attitudes.
    VB  
    
    5    challenge   challenges   challenging   challenged  
    If you challenge someone, you invite them to fight or compete with you in some way.
        Marsyas thought he could play the flute better than Apollo and challenged the god to a contest.
        He left a note at the scene of the crime, challenging detectives to catch him.
        We challenged a team who called themselves `College Athletes'.
    VB  
    
    +    challenge   challenges  
    Also a noun.
        A third presidential candidate emerged to mount a serious challenge and throw the campaign wide open.
    N-COUNT  
    
    6    challenge   challenges   challenging   challenged  
    If someone is challenged by a guard, they are ordered to stop and say who they are or why they are there.
        The men apparently opened fire after they were challenged by a patrol.
    VB  
    
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.

aback          
        aback  
    If you are taken aback by something, you are surprised or shocked by it and you cannot respond at once.
        Roland was taken aback by our strength of feeling.
        Derek was taken aback when a man answered the phone.
    PHR: usu v-link PHR, oft PHR by n  
    
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.