自学印地语3 ： 在屋里

राजू के पास कंप्यूटर नहीं है.
Raju ke pas kampyutar nahin hai. Raju doesn't have a computer.
पिताजी के पास समय नहीं है .
Pitaji ke pas samay nahin hai. Father doesn't have time.
आपके पास कितना पैसा है ?
apke pas kitna paisa hai? How much money do you have?

When  के पास  ke pas is used with मेरे  mere, तुम्हारे  tumhare or हमारे hamare, the के  ke is dropped:

मेरे पास समय नहीं है .
mere pas samay nahin hai. I don't have time.
तुम्हारे पास क्या है ?
tumhare pas kya hai.  What have you got?
हमारे पास कुछ नहीं है.
hamare pas kuch nahin hai. We have nothing.

Although के पास  ke pas is used widely for a variety of possessio it's not usually used with relatives ('I have a son' etc.); we'll come to a way of saying this in Unit 6.1.Meanwhile, a spirit of idle curiosity makes me ask you some questions:

क्या आप के पास
....kya aap ke pas ...
साईकिल है ?
saikil hai?
बहुत पैसे है ?
bahut paise hain?
नया रेडियो है ?
Naya rediyo hai?
नए हिन्दुस्तानी हैं ?
nae hindustani kapde hain?
नै गाड़ी है ?
nai gadi hai?

3 Case

In the English phrase 'he speaks to him', the two pronouns can't be exchanged: 'him speaks to he' isn't impressive English! This is an example of a difference of 'case' - a system that shows how words relate to each other in a sentence. Stand by for a really important piece of grammar here.

Hindi has two main cases - the 'oblique', always used before postpositions, and the 'direct', used elsewhere.
In the following sentences, the underlined words are postpositions, and the bold words are oblique, because they're followed by those postpositions.

हम लोग घर में हैं.
ham log ghar mein hain. We ['we people'] are in the house.
दिल्ली भारत में हैं .
Dilli bharat mein hain. Delhi is in India.

क्या आप लंदन से हैं ?
Kya aap landan se hain? Are you from London?
शर्माजी दुकान पर हैं .
Shamaji dukan mein hain. Sharma ji is at the shop.

In the first example,  में men  'in' affects only ‘घर  ghar 'house', giving the sense 'in the house' - it doesn't affect हम लोग  ham log we‘ because this is the subject, and not part of the location. The same Principle applies with the other examples.