代表语言: 汉语(你可以学日语和韩语或者汉语方言粤语、吴语、湘语、赣语和少数民族语言藏语、蒙古语、维吾尔语,推荐先学日语)、英语(你可以学法语、德语、意大利语、西班牙语、葡萄牙语的一种,推荐意大利语)、印度语、阿拉伯语、俄语
学习外语首先要学习字母表,有一种语言就有一种字母表,我们整理了来自网络的各种字母表,世界的语言有7000多种,字母表就有7000多种,但是大多数语言应用的人数很少,超过5000万人的语言只有13种。按国家来计算的语言只有200多种。所以学会100多种语言就可以和世界语言人以交流了。
开始学习外语世界上要了解最主要语言的种类,你只需要了解6种语言,就了解了全部语言的概貌,共分为1 汉语音意文字系统,2 印度语代表的婆罗米字母的元音附表文字系统,3 阿拉伯语为代表的辅音音素文字系统,4 俄语西里尔字母为代表的全音素文字系统,也叫拉斯附字母,5 英语拉丁字母为代表的全音素系统。日文属于汉语系统的意音文字,而假名是音节文字,韩语是汉语系统的意音文字,谚文是特征文字,此外希腊语属于全音素文字的独立语言,希伯来字母属于阿拉伯系统的的辅音音素文字,其他语言韩语、蒙古语、亚美尼亚、格鲁吉亚、希伯来字母、希腊字母相对独立使用,其他字母文字都是这几种基本语言为代表语言的变形。用英语表示就是:
1、Logographic
2 、Logophonetic
3、Syllabic
4、Consonantal Alphabet or Abjad
5、Syllabic Alphabet or Abugida
6、Segmental Alphabet
除了这6种主要的字母类型外,还有7类使用国家人数较少的字母类型,我们叫做独立字母语言系统,
世界主要语言列表:
Types of Writing Systems
Writing systems can be conveniently classified into broad "types" depending on the way they represent their underlying languages.
1 Logographic
A system of this kind uses a tremendous number of signs, each to represent a morpheme. A morpheme is the minimal unit in a language that carries some meaning. So, a logogram, a sign in a logographic system, may represent a word, or part of a word (like a suffix to denote a plural noun). Because of this, the number of signs could grow to staggering numbers like Chinese which has more than 10,000 signs (most of them unused in everyday usage).
Chinese
Jurchen
Khitan
Mixtec
Naxi
Nushu
Tangut
2 Logophonetic
This is somewhat like a stripped down versions of logographic systems. In essence, there are two major types of signs, ones denoting morphemes and ones denoting sounds. Most of the logophonetic systems are logosyllabic, meaning that their phonetic signs mostly denote syllables. An exception is Egyptian, whose phonetic signs denote consonants.
Akkadian
Aztec
Cuneiform
Egyptian
Elamite
Epi-Olmec
Hittite
Indus Script
Japanese
Linear A
Linear B
Luwian
Maya
Sumerian
Zapotec
3 Syllabic
In a syllabic writing system, the overwhelming number of signs are used solely for their phonetic values. These phonetic signs are Syllabograms, meaning that they represent syllables rather than individual sound. A few non-phonetic are used for numbers, punctuation, and commonly used words.
Bengali
Brahmi
Buginese
Burmese
Byblos
Cherokee
Cypriot
Devanagari
Ethiopic
Grantha
Gujarati
Gupta
Gurmukhi
hPhags-pa
Javanese
Kadamba
Kalinga
Kannada
Kashmiri
Kawi
Kharosthi
Khmer
Landa
Lepcha
Malayalam
Mangyan
Meithei Mayek
Meroïtic
Modi
Nagari
Old Persian
Old Kannada
Oriya
Rejang
Sarada
South Asian Writing Systems
South Asian Writing Systems Comparison
Sinhala
Tagalog
Takri
Tamil
Telugu
Thai
Tibetan
Tocharian
4 Consonantal Alphabet or Abjad
Consonantal alphabets are also known as abjads, and are all descendents of the Proto-Sinaitic script. In a "pure" consonantal alphabet, vowels are not written. However, nearly consonantal alphabets use certain conventions to
Arabic
Aramaic
Avestan
Berber & Tifinagh
Hebrew
Nabataean
Old Hebrew
Pahlavi
Phoenician
Proto-Sinaitic
Samaritan
Syriac
South Arabian
Thamudic
Tifinagh
Ugaritic
5 Syllabic Alphabet or Abugida
South Asian scripts such as Brahmi and its descendents fit into both syllabary and alphabet. It is syllabic because the basic sign contains a consonant and a vowel. However, every sign has the same vowel, such as /a/ in Brahmi. To make syllables with a different vowel, you add special markings to the basic sign, which is somewhat like an alphabet. Hence the name "syllabic alphabet".
Bengali
Brahmi
Buginese
Burmese
Devanagari
Grantha
Gujarati
Gupta
Gurmukhi
hPhags-pa
Javanese
Kadamba
Kalinga
Kannada
Kashmiri
Kawi
Kharosthi
Khmer
Landa
Lepcha
Malayalam
Mangyan
Meithei Mayek
Modi
Nagari
Old Kannada
Oriya
Rejang
Sarada
South Asian Writing Systems
South Asian Writing Systems Comparison
Sinhala
Tagalog
Takri
Tamil
Telugu
Thai
Tibetan
Tocharian
6 Segmental Alphabet
Nearly all the sounds in a language can be represented by an appropriate consonant and vowel alphabet. However, just take a look at English spelling and you can almost feel we"re back to logographic systems :) !
Armenian
Coptic
Cyrillic
Etruscan
Faliscan
Futhark
Georgian
Glagolitic
Gothic
Greek
Korean
Latin
Lydian
Ogham
Oscan
Umbrian
Venetic

Writing systems of the world today.
Latin (
alphabetic)
Cyrillic (alphabetic)
Hangul (
featural alphabetic)
Other alphabets
Arabic (
abjad)
Other abjads
Devanagari (
abugida)
Other abugidas
Syllabaries Chinese characters (
logographic)
书写系统:
1 Logographic writing systems :Main article:
Logogram,
Chinese characters 。
2 Syllabic writing systems:Main article:
Syllabary。
3 Segmental writing systems: Alphabets 。
4 Consonantal writing systems: Abjads,Main article:
Consonantary 。
5 Inherent-vowel writing systems: Abugidas,Main article:
Abugida。
6 Featural writing systems,
Korean hangul. 。
7 Ambiguous writing systems。
8 Graphic classification of writing systems 。
亚美尼亚字母
原产地
在公元4世纪后期,国王问Mesrop亚美尼亚Vramshapuh托茨之一,在他的总理府官员和著名学者,亚美尼亚创建一个新的字母。在此之前,亚美尼亚已写成的'楔'脚本,这被认为是由亚美尼亚教会的宗教工作不适合。
托茨前往亚历山大,在那里他学习写作的原则和得出的结论是,希腊字母,是最佳使用字母,因为当时几乎有1的一一对应关系的声音和信件。他利用这个模型来一个新的字母,他向国王回来时,他在公元405亚美尼亚了。
新的字母是深受市民欢迎的一个新的圣经亚美尼亚译本在公元405出版。其他文学作品紧随其后。
显着特点
•类型的文字:字母表
•写作方向:在水平线左到右
•有在两国主要方言亚美尼亚:西方和东方的字母发音几个小差异。
•这些信件大部分数值。
用来写
亚美尼亚,1印欧语在亚美尼亚,伊朗,格鲁吉亚,土耳其,阿塞拜疆和其他许多国家所讲的约600万人。为亚美尼亚亚美尼亚语名字是Hayeren。阿亚美尼亚词根大量归功于其原产地或类似古波斯语的根源,揭示了共同的印欧血统。
东亚美尼亚字母
西亚美尼亚字母
亚美尼亚标点符号
示例文本亚美尼亚
音译
博洛尔mardik tsnvum中文阿扎特ü havasar irents arzganapatkutyamb ü iravunknerov。 Nrank真理报banakanutyun ü khighch - mimyants petk ē eghbayrabar veraberven。
翻译
人人生而自由,在尊严和权利上一律平等。他们赋有理性和良心,并应以其中的一个兄弟关系的精神。
(第1条世界人权宣言)
更长的示例文本(通天塔)
在亚美尼亚有用的短语
链接
免费亚美尼亚字体
http://www.cilicia.com/armo8.html
A至亚美尼亚字母(在亚美尼亚语,英语和俄语指南)
http://www.menq.am/tarer_main.htm
在线亚美尼亚的经验教训
http://www.learnarmenian.com
http://www.cilicia.com/armo_lesson000.html
http://www.hyeetch.nareg.com.au/learn/intro.html
http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Armenian_Lessons
http://hayeren.hayastan.com
网上亚美尼亚之间的转换和拉丁字母
http://tsca.natverk.org/cgi/armenian.pl
在线亚美尼亚音译和拼写检查
http://am.translit.us
亚美尼亚谈论电子字典
http://www.ectaco.com
在线亚美尼亚电台
http://www.hairenik.com
http://www.armenialiberty.org/
http://www.radio-gayane.com
http://www.radiovan.am
http://www.armenialive.com
http://www.stver.com
更多亚美尼亚链接
http://www.armenianlinks.com
其他字母
亚美尼亚,阿维斯塔文,巴萨(瓦赫河),Beitha Kukju,科普特人,西里尔文,Elbsan,伊特鲁里亚,弗雷泽,格鲁吉亚(Asomtavruli&Nuskha - khucuri),格鲁吉亚(Mkhedruli),格拉哥,哥特式,希腊,匈牙利鲁纳斯,爱尔兰,克耶邦李韩语,拉丁语,吕西亚,吕底亚,满,麦罗埃,蒙古,西非书面语言,欧甘语,古教会斯拉夫语,瓦剌清除脚本,古意大利语,古彼尔姆诸语,鄂尔浑,波拉德苗,符文,桑塔利,索马里,萨顿书写符号,邰打呒,马尔代夫语,维吾尔语
可以进行翻译的语言:
Armenian alphabet
Transliteration
Bolor mardik tsnvum en azat u havasar irentsʻ arzganapatkutʻyamb u iravunkʻnerov. Nrankʻ unen banakʻanutʻyun u khighch - mimyantsʻ petkʻ ē eghbayrabar veraberven.
Translation
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
Longer sample text (Tower of Babel)
Useful phrases in Armenian
Links
Free Armenian fonts
http://www.cilicia.com/armo8.html
A guide to the Armenian alphabet (in Armenian, English and Russian)
http://www.menq.am/tarer_main.htm
Online Armenian lessons
http://www.learnarmenian.com
http://www.cilicia.com/armo_lesson000.html
http://www.hyeetch.nareg.com.au/learn/intro.html
http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Armenian_Lessons
http://hayeren.hayastan.com
Online conversion between the Armenian and Latin alphabets
http://tsca.natverk.org/cgi/armenian.pl
Online Armenian Transliteration and Spell Check
http://am.translit.us
Armenian Electronic talking dictionaries
http://www.ectaco.com
Online Armenian radio
http://www.hairenik.com
http://www.armenialiberty.org/
http://www.radio-gayane.com
http://www.radiovan.am
http://www.armenialive.com
http://www.stver.com
More Armenian links
http://www.armenianlinks.com
西里尔字母(Кириллица)
看到这个页面:
»Русский
原产地
西里尔字母命名圣西里尔,从拜占庭传教士。这是在某个时候发明的10世纪广告,可能的奥赫里德圣克里门特,写古教会斯拉夫语。西里尔字母取得了1708年期间,彼得大帝的现有形式。四个字母被淘汰在1917年至1918年的改革字母。
西里尔字母进行了修改,主要写了在俄罗斯,中亚和东欧50个,不同的语言。在许多情况下使用其他字母,其中一些标准西里尔字母改编,有些则是从希腊或拉丁字母的措施。
Cyrillic alphabet (Кириллица)
Development of the Cyrillic alphabet 发展中的西里尔字母
10世纪的版本,用来写古教会斯拉夫语
Old Church Slavonic
1708 version
1708版
在蓝色的字母使用下降由1800世纪。红色的字母被淘汰在1918年的改革。
1918年版
Languages written with the Cyrillic alphabet 与西里尔字母文字有关的语言
Abaza, Abkhaz, Adyghe, Archi, Avar, Azeri, Balkar, Bashkir, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Buryat, Chechen, Chukchi, Church Slavonic, Chuvash, Dargwa, Dungan, Erzya, Even, Evenki, Gagauz, Ingush, Kabardian, Kalmyk, Karakalpak, Kazakh, Komi, Koryak, Kumyk, Kurdish, Kyrghyz, Laz, Lak, Lezgi, Lingua Franca Nova, Macedonian, Mansi, Mari, Moksha, Moldovan, Mongolian, Nanai, Nenets, Nivkh, Old Church Slavonic, Ossetian, Russian, Ruthenian, Serbian, Slovio, Tabassaran, Tajik, Tatar, Turkmen, Tuvan, Tsez, Udmurt, Ukrainian, Uyghur, Uzbek, Votic, Yakut, Yukaghir, Yupik
使用俄罗斯西里尔字母的语言:
阿巴扎,阿布哈兹,阿迪格,阿尔奇,阿瓦尔,阿塞拜疆,巴尔卡尔,巴什基尔,白俄罗斯,保加利亚,布里亚特,车臣,楚科奇海,教会斯拉夫语,楚瓦什,达尔格瓦文,东乡,埃里贾,即使,鄂温克,gagauz人,印古什,卡巴尔达,卡尔梅克,卡拉卡尔帕克,哈萨克,科米,科里亚克,库梅克文,库尔德人,吉尔吉斯斯坦,拉兹,拉克,莱兹吉,新共同语言,马其顿,曼西,马里,解脱,摩尔多瓦,蒙古,赫哲,涅涅茨,Nivkh,古教会斯拉夫语,奥塞梯人,俄罗斯,鲁塞尼亚,塞尔维亚,Slovio,Tabassaran,塔吉克,塔塔尔,土库曼,图瓦,Tsez,乌德穆尔特,乌克兰,维吾尔,乌孜别克,沃提克文,雅库特,卡吉尔,Yupik
Links 链接
Further information about the history of the Cyrillic alphabet 西里尔字母历史 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_alphabet
Free Cyrillic fonts 免费西里尔字体 http://cirilica.com/cirilica/Strane/fontovi/fontovi01.html
http://babel.uoregon.edu/yamada/fonts/russian.html
http://www.brama.com/compute/index.html
http://www.funet.fi/pub/culture/russian/comp/fonts/ttf
http://clover.slavic.pitt.edu/〜aatseel /字体/ wincyrillic.html
http://www.davidzbiral.webzdarma.cz/cyrillicof.htm
ALPHABETUM is a Unicode font specifically designed for ancient languages that includes Old and Modern Cyrillic, Old Church Slavonic, and many other ancient scripts
ALPHABETUM是一个专门为Unicode字体设计的古代语言,包括古代和现代西里尔文,古教会斯拉夫语,和其他许多古文字
http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/〜jmag0042/alphabet.html
其他字母
亚美尼亚,阿维斯塔文,巴萨(瓦赫河),Beitha Kukju,科普特人,西里尔文,Elbsan,伊特鲁里亚,弗雷泽,格鲁吉亚(Asomtavruli&Nuskha - khucuri),格鲁吉亚(Mkhedruli),格拉哥,哥特式,希腊,匈牙利鲁纳斯,爱尔兰,克耶邦李韩语,拉丁语,吕西亚,吕底亚,满,麦罗埃,蒙古,西非书面语言,欧甘语,古教会斯拉夫语,瓦剌清除脚本,古意大利语,古彼尔姆诸语,鄂尔浑,波拉德苗,符文,桑塔利,索马里,萨顿书写符号,邰打呒,马尔代夫语,维吾尔语