Chinese, Gan [gan] 20,600,000 (1984). Jiangxi and southeast corner of Hubei including Dachi, Xianning, Jiayu, Chongyang, and parts of Anhui, Hunan, and Fujian provinces. Chang-Jing in Nanchang City, Xiuhui, and Jing’an; Yi-Liu in Yichun (Ichun) in Jiangxi, Liuyang in Hunan. Alternate names: Gan, Kan. Dialects: Chang-Jing, Yi-Liu, Ji-Cha, Fu-Guang, Ying-Yi. Marginally intelligible with Mandarin [cmn] and Wu [wuu] Chinese. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
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Chinese, Hakka [hak] 25,700,000 in China (1984). Population total all countries: 30,032,520. Widespread with other dialects. Eastern and northeastern Guangdong greatest concentration; also in Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hunan, and Sichuan. Also in Brunei, Canada, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Indonesia (Java and Bali), Malaysia (Peninsular), Mauritius, New Zealand, Panama, Singapore, South Africa, Suriname, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States. Alternate names: Hakka, Hokka, Ke, Kechia, Kejia, Majiahua, Tu Guangdonghua, Xinminhua. Dialects: Yue-Tai (Meixian, Raoping, Taiwan Kejia), Yuezhong (Central Guangdong), Huizhou, Yuebei (Northern Guangdong), Tingzhou (Min-Ke), Ning-Long (Longnan), Yugui, Tonggu. Yue-Tai is standard dialect. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
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Chinese, Huizhou [czh] 4,600,000 (2000 census). Jixi dialect: 988,000; Xiuyi dialect: 861,000; Qide dialect 798,000, Yanzhou dialect 638,000, Jingzhan dialect 134,000. South Anhui Province, Huizhou region and Jixi, She (Xi), Ningguo, Jingde, Tunxi, Xiuning, Yi, Qimen and Dongzhi counties; northern Zhejiang Province, Chun’an County, Jiande municipality; northeast Jiangxi Province, Wuyuan, Dexing and Fuliang counties. Alternate names: Huizhou. Dialects: Jixi, Xiuyi, Qide, Yanzhou, Jingzhan. Formerly considered part of Jianghuai dialect of Mandarin Chinese [cmn], but now considered by many a separate major dialect of Chinese. Dialects reportedly differ greatly from each other. Different from Huizhou dialect of Hakka Chinese [hak]. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
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Chinese, Jinyu [cjy] 45,000,000 (1995). Mainly in Shanxi Province; some in Shaanxi and Henan provinces. Alternate names: Jinyu. Dialects: Formerly considered part of Xibei Guanhua dialect of Mandarin Chinese [cmn], but now considered by many a separate major dialect of Chinese. Unlike Mandarin, it has contrastive glottal-checked syllables and other distinctive features. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
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Chinese, Mandarin [cmn] 840,000,000 in China (2000 census), increasing. 70% of Chinese language users speak a Mandarin dialect as their mother tongue, including 9,816,805 Hui (2000 census) and 10,682,262 Manchu. 1,182,950,000 Han in China (2005 census). Population total all countries: 845,456,760. Widespread north of Changjiang River, a belt south of the Changjiang from Qiujiang (Jiangxi) to Zhenjiang (Jiangsu), Hubei, except southeast corner, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, northwest part of Guangxi, and northwest corner of Hunan. Also in Brunei, Cambodia, Canada, Indonesia (Java and Bali), Laos, Libya, Malaysia (Peninsular), Mauritius, Mongolia, Mozambique, Philippines, Russian Federation (Asia), Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States, Viet Nam, Zambia. Alternate names: Beifang Fangyan, Guanhua, Guoyu, Hanyu, Mandarin, Northern Chinese, Putonghua, Standard Chinese. Dialects: Huabei Guanhua (Northern Mandarin), Xibei Guanhua (Northwestern Mandarin), Xinan Guanhua (Southwestern Mandarin), Jinghuai Guanhua (Jiangxia Guanhua, Lower Yangze Mandarin). Wenli is a literary form. Written Chinese is based on the Beijing dialect, but heavily influenced by other varieties of Northern Mandarin. Putonghua is the official form taught in schools and is inherently intelligible with Beijing dialect and other Mandarin varieties in the northeast. Mandarin varieties in the Lower Plateau in Shaanxi are not readily intelligible with Putonghua. Mandarin varieties of Guilin and Kunming unintelligible to Putonghua speakers. Taibei Mandarin and Beijing Mandarin are fully mutually inherently intelligible. Nearly all L1 speakers in Taiwan speak with Min-influenced grammar and various degrees of Min-influenced pronunciation. Many educated strive to cultivate standard pronunciation. Grammatical differences of the Taiwan variety often appear in writing. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
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中，干[干] 20,600,000（1984）。江西，湖北东南部，包括达基，咸宁，嘉鱼，崇阳，以及安徽，湖南，福建等省的部分。长在南昌城，秀辉，以及静安静;一刘在宜春（宜春）在江西，湖南浏阳。备用名称：甘，堪萨斯州方言：常静，宜柳，继茶，福光，映谊。轻微理解与普通话[cmn]吴[财团法人]中国。分类：中藏，汉，
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中，客家[学] 2570.0万，在中国（1984）。所有国家的人口总数：30032520。广泛与其他方言。广东东部和东北部最集中，也是在福建，江西，广西，湖南和四川。此外，在文莱，加拿大，法属圭亚那，法属波利尼西亚，印度尼西亚（爪哇和巴厘），马来西亚（半岛），毛里求斯，新西兰，巴拿马，新加坡，南非，苏里南，台湾，泰国，英国，美国。备用名称：客家，霍卡，柯，Kechia，科佳，Majiahua，涂Guangdonghua，Xinminhua。方言：乐泰（梅县，饶平，台湾客家），忠（中央广东），惠州，粤北（粤北），汀州（民科），宁龙（陇南），玉桂，铜鼓。乐泰是标准的方言。分类：中藏，汉，
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中，惠州[czh] 460.00万（2000年人口普查）。绩溪方言：98.8万;修义方言：861,000;韩启德方言79.8万，63.8万兖州方言，Jingzhan方言134,000。皖南，惠州地区，鸡西，她（西安），宁国，旌德，屯溪，休宁，彝，祁门和东至县，北浙江省淳安县，建德市，赣东北，婺源，德兴和浮梁县。备用名称：惠州。方言：鸡西，修义，其德，兖州，Jingzhan。以前认为是江淮方言的汉语部分[cmn]，但现在由一个单独的许多华人的主要方言考虑。据报告，有很大的不同方言彼此。惠州客家方言不同[鹤]。分类：中藏，汉，
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中，金宇[cjy] 45,000,000（1995年）。主要集中在山西省，有的在陕西，河南三省。备用名称：金宇。方言：以前认为是冠华西北汉语方言的部分[cmn]，但现在由一个单独的许多华人的主要方言考虑。与普通话，有对比声门，检查音节以及其他鲜明的特点。分类：中藏，汉，
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中文，普通话[cmn] 8.400亿，在中国（2000年人口普查），增加。 70％的用户汉语讲的是他们的母语，包括9816805辉（2000年人口普查）和10682262满族讲普通话。 1182950000汉（2005年人口普查）在中国。所有国家的人口总数：845456760。普遍长江以北，从虬江路（江西）带长江以南除东南角，四川，云南，贵州，广西西北部的一部分，湖南西北部角落镇江（江苏），湖北。此外，在文莱，柬埔寨，加拿大，印度尼西亚（爪哇和巴厘），老挝，利比亚，马来西亚（半岛），毛里求斯，蒙古，莫桑比克，菲律宾，俄罗斯联邦（亚洲），新加坡，台湾，泰国，英国，美国，越南，赞比亚。备用名称：北方方岩，冠华，玉，汉语拼音，普通话，北中，普通话，标准中。方言：华北冠华（北普通话），西北冠华（西北普通话），西南冠华（西南普通话），京怀冠华（江夏冠华，下长江普通话）。莉是一个文学形式。用中文写的是基于北京方言，但在很大程度上受到北方普通话其他品种的影响。普通话是官方的形式在学校任教，并在本质上与北京话和普通话的其他品种在东北理解。下游高原普通话品种在陕西不容易理解的普通话。柑橘品种桂林和昆明不懂普通话发言。台北普通话和北京话本质上是完全相互理解。在台湾，几乎所有发言者发言，一楼闵影响的语法和民不同程度影响的发音。许多受过良好教育努力培养标准的发音。台湾的各种语法不同，常出现在书面形式。分类：中藏，汉，
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