自学印地语4 ：有一些茶叶

04 have some tea

In this unit you will lean:
how to make  Quests and give commands
how to describe everyday events and habits
Language points:
imperative verbs
imperfective present tense

1 giving oders and make requests
Practise what you've learnt
The infinitive as a command
Some conversational gambits
2 Telling, saying, speaking, asking
Practise what you've learnt
OBJECI'S
ADVERBS
VERBS

3 Routine events
Where do you live? What do you do?
What's this called?
Find the matching pairs of sentences
Language about language
Negative verbs
Javed and Raju get to know each other

Exercise 4a
Exercise 4b
Exercise 4c
Glossary

1 giving odars ang making a request

Giving orders and making requests is easy in Hindi: but what you say depends on whom you're speaking to, because the imperative (command-giving) verb has different forms for टू tu , तुम  tum and आप ap people. We're going to concentrate on the तुम tum and आप aap forms here. First, we have to define a couple of terms.

Dictionaries list verbs in their 'infinitive' form:
बैठना baithina 'to sit')
Take away the -
‘ना  -na
ending and you are left with
बैठ   baith, which;‘
is the basic building-block of the verb; it's called the 'verb stem‘,Remember these terms, because we'll be using them quite often.

For commands to someone you call
तुम  tum,
just add -o to the stem:
बैठो  baitho 'sit', etc.
For commands to someone you call आप  aap, add -ie to the stem:
baithie 'speak', etc. Because this is inherently polite, it more or Iess implies the sense 'please'.

As in English, the pronoun is optional: you can say either
तुम बैठो tum baitho 'you sit',
or just
बैठो  baitho 'sit'.
Spend some time getting to know these very common commands:

Infnitive : तुम tum:  आप aap:

बैठना baithna to sit
बोलना bolna to speak
नाना jana to go
आना ana to come
कहना kahna to say
खाना khana to eat