Wudi County travels region survey

Banquet resident warm hospitable, the relatives and friends come visiting save food for someone mostly. Generally the frequent guest (other name solid guest) entertains is quite simple, on several vegetables or package of boiled dumplings then. If for the honored guest (for example very close elder, parents of son or daughter-in-law, new son-in-law and so on) must the superior seat opposite the host entertainment. Entertains a guest the procedure is respects the smoke to offer the tea first, on then food and wine, on finally food. When drinks tea the chitchat, the host family prepares the cooked food. On after food and wine table, the visitor takes a seat. Facing entrance right flank for the place, left is the inferior place, sits by the visitor. Old times once had “the male and female fellow guest, the fathers and sons does not share a table” being fastidious about, after in the 80s, does not follow this outmoded rules and regulations mostly, generally the guest whole family may sit accompanies. Serves food the order to the dessert to let the visitor “place something under a base” first, avoids the empty stomach drinking. Afterward is in turn “four cold” (cold dish), “four heat” (stir-fried dish), “eight large bowls” (stews chicken, cooks meats), “two big-ticket items” (the entire chicken, the entire fish). In the 90s, serves food the order to be optional, cooked food by seafood, seasonal vegetables primarily, meats next best. The locality has the custom which proposes a toast, urges to drink, generally is the master respects three cups first, then proposes a toast mutually. If is the frequent guest guessed that ways and so on matches stick, pressure refers to, delimits fist to urge to drink. What is most grand is the wedding banquet (records mat), the scene is big, the cooked food is sumptuous. Loses the mat (saying that white mat) is quite simple, by fish, vegetarian dish primarily. The family reunion banquet is optional, only a night of family reunion banquet is lunar New Year's Eve sumptuous, buys each kind of cooked food drinking wine New Year's greeting, then eats the reunion stuffed dumpling. In the late 90s, entertains the visitor many (or subscribes vegetable in the hotel hold in hotel to deliver to family in), puts up a front parades one's wealth the wind date to be abundant.

The present, the countryside visits friends before in the 80s, often by the steamed bun, the cruller, the vermicelli takes the present. In the early 80s, the cakes and pastries, the fruit and so on once became the human sentiment intercourse the present. , The last stage, the city and countryside many by the liquor, the tea, the special products, the healthy product achievement presents the relatives and friends present. In the late 90s, between the youth delivers the accessories, to see the patient mutually to give the fresh flower to become the fashion.
  

Second, clothing Clothing the early 80s, the people were many uniforms and so on national defense clothing, Chinese tunic, Lenin clothing, the countryside middle-aged person and old person were still having put on the Chinese-style jacket lined jacket, the width crotch trousers. The feminine clothing by 60, the 70s virilization design was separated from gradually, in reliefed the feminine characteristic. In the mid-80s, the masculine youth western-style clothing, the female is starting to put on the skirt attire one after another. Since the 90s, the clothing design hastens the diversification, has the jacket unlined upper garment, the sportswear, the windproof coat, the bread clothing, the jeans, the healthy clothing, the T-shirt unlined upper garment, the leisure clothing and so on. In the late 90s, the tradition national dress design receives favors. Eagerly anticipates the design new wave many for the youth men and women. Spring and Autumn Period are many are clamping overcomes, the western-style clothes, the leisure clothing; The male are summer many short sleeves unlined upper garment, the T-shirt unlined upper garment, the female are being many various types skirt attire; In the winter is maintaining warmth the clothes, the wool sweater, the coat each kind of design down clothing, the leather clothing, the western-style clothes, the windproof coat and so on. , The clothing luster was also in the early 80s unitary, the male many were blue, the ash, the green, the female by red, the green primarily tone. In the late 80s, the clothing variety assumes multi-colored, year after year popular new variety, the people may act according to their like the arbitrary selection. Some senior citizens wear gay colors, luster sprightly bright, the demonstration youth is not old.

In the 80s, clothes quality of material transforms gradually by the cotton fabric to the chemical fiber cotton material, like was indeed good, the acrylic fiber, the dacron khaki cotton material once to be popular for a while. Afterward, the fabric blending cloth occupies the mainstream. In the 90s, the pure cotton fabric, the silk receive welcome. … Shoes and hats in the 80s, the people start to be fastidious about the hairstyle, the male keep flat head, the long hair combed straight back, wearing a hat gradually are separately few. The hat many obstructs the eave hat for the blue color, latter is popular the duckbill cap, the sola topi, the traveling hat. The winter outdoor activity wears the earmuff cotton cap, the fur hat, latter fashionable down clothing, a hat and coat body. The female more is fastidious to the hairstyle, has grips the long pigtail, also has grips the horse's tail type; Has truncates the short hair, also has keeps the shawl to send. In the mid-80s, the female has a permanent wave popularly. In the 90s, middle and old aged fashionable (ju) oil, dyeing one's hair. In the 80s, the female binds the kerchief fashionably, wears from the braided wire hat. Latter binds turban wearing a hat to be getting fewer and fewer, going out wears the sola topi and the traveling hat. … In the early 80s, put on the cloth shoes to many, within the boundaries was popular “three tight shoes” (i.e. in the shoes mouth Canada elastic cloth), the cloth bottom corduroy surface, travelled the convenience, but was solid. In the late 80s, puts on the leather shoes to increase. Spring the autumn much puts on the cloth shoes, the leather shoes, the summer day puts on the plastic or the skin sandals, the winter puts on the cotton-wadded shoes. Township dwellers winter many in indoor activity, very little puts on the cotton-wadded shoes. Up to the 90s, besides each kind of design leather shoes, but also has the suitable different need function shoes, like room internal breaks various types slipper; Wears healthily athletic shoes, walking shoe; The long journey puts on travel shoes and so on. The sock becomes the nylon stockings, the silk stockings by the cotton socks, to weave the cotton sock gradually. The feminine skirt is installing, then puts on the stockings.

Third, baldric In the late 70s, the people started to wear each kind of accessories. In the 80s, the female wears the ear pendant (link), the ring, to send the hairpin fashionably and so on, many for silver nature. In the 90s, wears the necklace popularly, take gold necklace as many, the diamond, the pearl necklace are few. The feminine accessories also have send the card, the bangle, the bracelet, the boutonniere, the gauze kerchief and so on. The masculine accessories mainly have the tie, the bow tie, the medal, the tie clip and so on. … four, occupy The late 70s to the early 80s, the city and countryside resident lived in the one-story house. The countryside is an adobe house, because the most local topography are low-lying, the foundation needs the barrier height. The wall builds 1 meter about brick or the stone first, is called “sits the alkali”, then builds the sun-dried brick, achieves builds the Liang purlin certainly highly, spreads the reed matting, presses the pillar (to grip with Gaoliang stalk bundles), piles up the mud, steps on really levels. This kind of adobe house is warm in winter and cool in summer, although roof keel, but is gentle, may enjoy the cool air, expose to the sun the grain. The housing many are the central courtyard pattern, the main room (room with a southern exposure) 3~5, the both sides is the thing side building, south to the place room (also say but actually room with a northern exposure) and the entry is connected. The simple central courtyard the rampart has the courtyard wall besides the main room, or with the branch, the bamboo film jacket becomes the fence wall. The parents and the grown-up children live together a courtyard to be gradually few. The cities many are a brick house, many gather one row, before the room, constructs the simple kitchen. The mid-80s to the early 90s, the housing conditions had improves greatly. The countryside constructs “the combining native with modern method” first (i.e. brick foundation, dirt wall, tiled roof-peak) the houses, latter constructs the brick house, and before having, the mansion. Up to the late 90s, when constructs the unit type one-story house and the two-story building. The cities housing is the reinforced concrete structure building mostly, each household lives in a set, the area different, the water, the electricity, warm, the communication, the sanitation facility are complete, the life is convenient. Moves on to better things the date, the neighbor relatives and friends brings the gift to come to congratulate, says it “the warm pot”, the master must give a banquet to receive cordially. Speeds up along with the town construction speed, builds up one batch of excellent surroundings, the function to be complete, administrative regulations residential district. Economic development quick village, residential building unified plan, unification construction, to urbanized development. The housing custom development trend is the housing area gradual growth, the repair pursue is artistic, the housing is fastidious comfortably convenient.

Fifth, goes on a journey In the early 80s, the journey gradually transferred conveniently. The bicycle becomes near way main riding instead of walking tool. North of Yellow River the popular one kind of steel pipe welds the carrying capacity bicycle, may carry the thing 200 catties, the popular name “the hard donkey”. The far way rides the automobile. The late 80s to the 90s, the asphalt road extends in all directions, the motorcycle, the tractor, the agricultural use tricycle, each type automobile spread the city and countryside. The especially mass transit automobile development is rapid, achieves “the village to pass” basically; Public transportation, rental car going through in cities main street and small alley. In the late 90s, the cities senior citizen is in the fitness need, goes out the shopping to ride fashionably treadons the tricycle. … Old times the people were not willing to go out, the journey picking a lucky day vulgar customs, abolished gradually since the 80s, according to needed to be possible momentarily to go on a journey. In the 90s, the unified purchasing of farm produce by the state according to fixed quotes increases, large quantities of young adults are far away from the hometown to urban hiring out for working, generally when slack farming season walks, when busy farming season turns over to, is called “the migratory bird”. Also one batch for a long time rush about in the outside businessman. Old times went on a journey is fastidious “goes out the stuffed dumpling passing through the gate surface”, changed gradually by the liquor gives a farewell dinner party, gives a welcoming dinner. … Sixth, communication , The communication way was quite in the early 80s unitary, the people related mainly depending on at holidays mutually take a walk, understood that the information through directly from master to disciple, the distant place relatives and friends depending on the correspondence transmit message, had the emergency case to send the telegram. The telephone only uses between the Governmental agency and the Enterprises and institutions. , The program-controlled telephone development is in the late 80s rapid, eliminates the household telephone, the public telephone, but also has the mobile phone, exchanges the information to facilitate. Between the relatives and friends is confined at home then mutually extends the regards, “the telephone pays new year's call” becomes the fashion. In the late 90s, the computer network development is swift and violent, the people sit in the home, knows the world important matter, the email becomes the quicker communication way. The traditional communication way correspondence, the telegram and so on receive desolately.

Seventh, appliance Cooking utensils the late 70s to the early 80s, the countryside still continued to use traditional the brickwork top, with a kang body. Uses the big iron saucepan, the bellower, burns with firewood the standing grain or the coal. The township dwellers use the honeycomb bunker, the kerosene stove. The late 80s to the 90s, the city and countryside uses the liquid gas stove and each kind of electricity cooking utensils mostly, like electric rice-cooker, electricity wok, electricity pot, microwave oven and so on. But some peasant families still retained the top, remains does steams food to use. The cooking utensils like shovel, the bucket and so on by made of iron become the aluminum system first, latter fashionable stainless steel product.
     Tableware the early 80s, ordinary family use bowl, plate, cup, small dish, spoon and so on many for crude pottery, also has the few plastic products, latter trades gradually for the careful fine fine ceramics, the plastic products eliminates gradually. The tea set many are the vitrified pot, the modelling comparison is fastidious. The multi-people drink the tea use teapot, the bowl. Drinks the tea multipurpose teacup personally, is popular successively has kept out the porcelain jar, the porcelain cup, the drinking glass, to magnetize the cup, the stainless steel insulated cup and so on. The drinking utensils many are the glassware, has the winecup, the stem glass, the beer mug and so on. Because the people drink the cool liquor fashionably, uses for the pot which warms up wine to be rare.
     Furniture in the 80s, wooden furniture besides traditional table, chair, cabinet, cabinet, also increases some new models, like the big wardrobe, the writing desk, the round table, fold the chair, the sofa, the tea table, the angle cabinet, the head cabinet, the ensemble of furniture and so on. The domestic electric appliances enter the ordinary common family gradually, mainly has the radio, the sewing machine, the clock and watch, the electric fan, the tape recorder, the washer, the monochrome set and so on. Up to the 90s, the domestic electric appliances renewal, the color TV set, the completely automatic washer, the camera, the electric refrigerator, the combined sound, the air conditioner and so on popularize day after day.

     Bedding the late 70s to the early 80s, the countryside rested the adobe bed, the to wnship dwellers rests the wooden bunk or the iron bed. Up to the 90s, the countryside abandons the adobe bed mostly, changes to the bed. The cities fashionable Simmons bed, the bed body is the lignin frame, the sofa mattress. The bedding hastens the diversification, besides ordinary cotton-wadded quilt, addition synthetic fiber comforter, eiderdown quilt, towel blanket, wool blanket, bed valance, bedspread, nylon mosquito net, electric blanket and so on.
     Warmed up before in the 70s, the countryside warmed up the way is burns the kang the heat, the whole family sits on the head warms up, or with a corn cob core fire devil, enhanced the indoor temperature. In the 80s, uses the iron furnace to burn coal to warm up, also has the use “the homemade heating” (with bunker water heating, circulates radiation in indoor water pipe) to warm up. The township dwellers 70, warm up in the 80s with the bunker, in the 90s, selects the collective heating method mostly, a unit or an inhabited area installment large-scale boiler, the indoor installs the radiator to warm up. Uses the air-conditioner, electric heater warming up to be few.
       Spent the summer before in the 70s, regardless of the countryside, the cities spent the summer the way to be primitive, to the tree shade, the square, the roof, the riverside enjoyed the cool air, with the palm-leaf fan, the folding fan allaid a fever, the outdoors practical training used the straw hat to obstruct the date. In the 80s, starts to use the electric fan to spend the summer, has the table fan, the floor fan, the ceiling fan and so on. In the late 90s, the cities use the air-conditioner to spend the summer.
        The illumination in the early 80s, the partial countryside area still used the kerosene lamp, the candle illumination in the late 70s, the outside uses the lantern, the gas lamp. In the late 80s, only then uses the electric lighting. The people according to the different need use different lamps and lanterns, commonly used have the incandescent lamp, the daylight lamp, to conserve energy the lamp, the neon light and so on. The indoor use's lamps and lanterns cosmetic is getting stronger and stronger.

Eighth, entertainment In the early 80s, the main entertainment form had the chess, the playing cards, listened to the story, the acrobatics piece, occasionally watched the movie and the theatrical performance. The traditional folk art resumes the performance. Generally winter spare time season rehearsal, Spring Festival, Lantern Festival internode performance. Sings the kind of drama has the lyu opera, the Peking opera, the Hebei Bangzi and so on. The folk dance has the Yangko, the dragon dance, the stilts, the core, the land boat and so on. The resident likes acrobatics pieces especially and so on storytelling, dagu storytelling, the Huimin County Hu collection entertainers' guild achieves the heyday time in the 80s. Since the 90s, the cultural entertainment way hastens the multiplication, opened many recreation areas, like ballroom, Kara OK singsong house, gymnasium, Internet bar and so on. Along with television's popularization, the TV culture was all the rage everyone, the traditional folk art once received desolately, some negative, the ill health entertaining fashion was also not multiplying the spread. In the late 90s, the cultural reconstruction receives the government to take seriously, take the cities cultural square, the countryside culture yard as the backing, the organization health beneficial theatrical performance and each kind of building activities. The folk art activity emerges in each region.

Production custom First, agriculture Within the boundaries is the Yellow River Delta plain area, to by agriculture primarily. In the late 70s, carried out the family to implement household contract responsibility system one after another the fixed responsibility in production system, various each household arranged the production voluntarily, got up early the corrupt evening, the deep plowing and skillful or intensive cultivation. The busy farming season season, entire family goes forth to battle. Some families or lack the domestic animal, or farm tool not entire, the villagers cooperate mutually. The farmer plants the idea to change, also plants the grain crops, also plants the industrial crop. In the mid-80s, the appearance “grows cotton the heat”. In the late 80s, the planter fruits, the vegetables increase. In the 90s, the agriculture realizes the mechanization gradually, plows, broadcasts with the tractor, the expropriation thresher, the harvester, the pouring with the deep water pump, the watering machine, the transportation uses the motorized tricycle, the agricultural automobile, the traditional farm tool wooden plow, the rake, the seed drill, the hoe, the sickle, the animal-drawn cart, the small cart and so on gradually the stall. The former farmer farms depending on the experience, this time starts to pay great attention to plant the technology, chooses the improved variety, applies fertilizer skillfully, the cautious medication, receives again stores, by depends on the strength to eat meal, becomes depending on technical becoming rich. In the late 90s, is the farmer farming into the fashion with the market, what kind of what market requirement, the high quality wheat, the colored cotton and kapok, the non-environmental damage vegetables and so on arise at the historic moment. Characteristic agriculture, order form agriculture, green agriculture, land formalization management, planter processing sale integration and so on already dew clue.
        Second, forestry Within the boundaries to has “all around” (nearby nearby nearby field, village, roadside, dwelling) to plant trees the tradition. In the courtyard multi-fruit trees and so on planter peach, apricot, jujube, pomegranate, the fruit eliminates is self-supporting also presents the neighborhood relatives and friends. After the room, ditch bank, roadside multi-planter siberian elm, Chinese scholartree, willow tree, poplar tree and so on, both the solid base, enjoys the cool air, after becoming a useful adult, and may build the houses. In the 80s, the fruits price is high, the sale is good, the farmer pays great attention to plant the economic forest broadly, some ward off the grain field for the orchard, or in field under contract interplanting. The regional planter fruit tree has the unique production custom. The non-younger brother is suitable the planter jujube tree, the gold thread small jujube fruit pulp plump exquisite, the delicate fragrance is sweet. Yangsin township of for the pear, produces pear Pi Bohu to be small, the juice does not have the dregs, sweet and crisp delicious. Zouping water apricot, meat thick juiciness, sour and sweet delicious, the flavor is unique, non-another place may compare. The Chan hua winter jujube, Pi Borou is crisp, fruit pulp delicate juiciness, sweet tasty, is honored as “king of all kinds of fruit”. In the late 80s, in road both sides, river dam edge, open land barren hill and so on big area tree-planting. Up to the late 90s, along with the people environmental consciousness's enhancement, the tree-planting, the love tree becomes the fashion.
          Third, animal husbandry In the 70s, the large domestic animals were the collective raising of livestock, the pig, the sheep, the domesticated fowl many for family dispersion raising. In the early 80s, the large domestic animals assigned the household one after another. After implementing the land household undertaking, receives by the cow large domestic animals primarily takes seriously, feeder quite a lot. Because the grain production increase feed is sufficient, raises pigs, the raising chickens sudden growth, but still followed “raises pigs the chart to accumulate the excrement, raises chickens trades the oil salt, raisees cattle to till the fields” the traditional custom. In the mid-80s, appears many raises chickens, raises pigs, specialized households and so on raiseing cattle, becomes centralism raising by dispersion raising; By, blind raising becomes the standard, science raising at will. The raising variety also assumes the diversification, like the pork-type pig, the Pohl goat, grow hair the rabbit, the meat pigeon and so on. In the late 90s, some areas appear “draw back the grain plants the grass livestock-raising” the new fashion. After mechanization of agriculture and raising specialization, the family raises the horse breeding, the cow, the pig, the sheep, the chicken to be gradually few, cities pets and so on raising dog, cat are gradually many.
           Fourth, fishery North within the boundaries borders on Bohai Sea, to has is engaged in the fishery production custom. In the early 80s, the fishing boat mainly had the motor boat and the sailing ship two kinds, the former might arrive at the deep sea work, the latter many in offshore and oceanic trench river branch fishing. The fishing gear mainly has the drift-net, the mast standing net, to hang the subnet, the pants crotch net, to the subnet and so on. Main fishing for shrimp, shrimp, blue crab, perch, mullet, blue scale, cuttlefish and so on. The fishing boat general Lantern Festival had gone to sea, when the ship launches, sets off the firecrackers, sees off the family member to the shore. Beginning of winter receives the ship, the name said that “pulls the shipyard”. The winter spare time season, patches the fishing boat, the fishing gear. The fishing village resident comes from the different village mostly, but lives together in peace and harmony, the life gives alms mutually, meets has the mishap to lean the strength to help one another all. In the 90s, because the fishing boat increases sharply, reasons and so on offshore pollution, the aquatic product catch are gradually few. The government implements “the moratorium on fishing time” the system, the guarantee fishery production sustainable development. … In the mid-80s, the aquaculture develops. Raises the shrimp, the fish, the crab, the halogen insect in the coastal shallow seas and tidelands and so on, in the interior fresh water Hutang cultivation carp, the grass carp, the tilapia mossambica, the megalobrama amblycephala and so on, forms gradually fishes for and breeds the union the fishery production custom. … In the 90s, the fishing boat realizes the motorization basically, provides advanced helps the fishing navigational instrument and the communication facility, the fisherman listens to the weather and the wave forecast daily, believed that the science, dispels the superstition, believes in “Dragon King” “the sea god” the custom gradually abandons. The fisherman no longer abstained from mostly “turns” “the buckle” and so on phrases.
    Fifth, family handicraft industry In the late 70s, the family handicraft industry was restricted, the practitioner are extremely few. In the early 80s, the traditional handicraft industry like strip arranged, the hammering, to hit the reed matting, to roll over the oil, to grind soya beans into bean curd, to make the starch noodles, the wooden bricklayer, to roll the firecrackers, to grip the broom, to hit the rope, to weave the fishing net, the flavor food manufacture and so on to restore gradually, many for concurrently industry, when slack farming season production operation, when busy farming season went out of business. In the late 80s, the family handicraft industry obtains the government to encourage with to support, the practitioner increases suddenly, the type increases, like tailoring, knitting, photography, five golds and electric appliance service and so on. In the 90s, some handicraft industry to the electromechanization development, like weave the fishing net, the woolen sweater, the glove gradually and so on, the processing technology content increase, product quality enhancement. By the individual dispersion production operation to the formalization, the specialized development, some in individual, in the family foundation develops an enterprise; Some lead a village township by a person of household production operation. Simultaneously some tradition's handicraft industry like hammering, the polish, dye customs and so on cloth and small commodity manufacture wither away gradually. Family handicraftsman craftsmanship many for inherited, is retaining “the work mostly really, the management code of honor” the tradition, counteracts in this tradition many by market elimination.
    Sixth, commercial In the late 70s, the commercial operator mainly had the state-operated business system and the collective supply and sales system. The store is located in the county and the people's commune station, the big village supposes sells goods for the state the spot, the commodity is scarce, the mesh point are few, countryside trade market bleak desolate, the populace shopping is inconvenient. In the 80s, individual permission is engaged in the doing business activity, is called as “the individual operator”, either opens a shop the management, either supposes the booth sell to the rural fair. The sole trader carries on the merchant “was old times nimble, is warm” the traditional custom, the business good. Up to the late 80s, the practitioner is numerous, scale expansion. The state-operated business and the supply and sales system management's store falls into the difficult position. The state-operated business implements the remanufacture, contracts, rents, ways and so on joint stock system to enter the market competition, because its scale is big, the environment is superior, the commodity entire, the prestige is good, is in charge in the circulation of commodities. The countryside circulation of commodities is day by day active, the village has the shop, the trade market more and more is more crowded, increases to 45 by villages and towns 12, and enlivens many are walking the small merchant who the township roams the streets. In the late 90s, the commodity specialization, the supermarket, the chain store and so on become the business management new fashion, the good faith principle also day by day regard for the business.    

Etiquette custom First, marriage Discusses marriage in the 80s, discusses marriage the way to be diverse. First, recommender to male and female both sides situation (age, facial expression, disposition, years of schooling, family status and so on) familiar, warm-hearted help, reconciles on own initiative for it, perhaps is discussed marriage a side request for it. Second, male and female both sides are free to choose a mate, to strive for perfectly justifiable, holds an acquaintance to be the recommender, this kind discusses marriage is only the form. Third, by the mass media, the marital referral center undertakes discusses marriage the function. The men and women who discusses marriage after the recommender must agree the time to look at one another, meets for the first time only to the facial expression, the age, the conversation manner has the surface layer to know, later voluntarily the appointment, to opposite party moral character, the family, the occupation, the interest hobby will make the inquire deeply. The cities many youth men and women are free to choose a mate, opposite party daidao family, introduces gives the family member, oneself act as the recommender. Chan hua, Wudi County minority area Shang Youding “the baby kissed” the vulgar customs. … The engagement men and women associate period of time, thought that satisfaction is then engaged, has written and the oral two ways. The written engagement soon in the family elder's rank, the name, the age and so on write on the red paper, “placard”; The separate document writes the children name, the age, the animal representation as well as “the date of birth match case, is the life mutual promotion of the five elements, is willing to tie the marriage alliance” and so on writing, “Cambodia”. Then transmits both sides by the recommender, groom's family must put the ritual to the bride's side. In the 80s, the partial countryside area selects this method. The oral engagement is male and female both sides (including guardian, children, directly-related family member and so on) agrees the time meeting, talks the way to settle the marriage. The place elects generally in the groom's family, gives a banquet by the groom's family to receive cordially, and gives the bride's side the gift on first meeting.
          Discusses marriage men and women both sides to discuss that the marriage time, bridegroom's gift to bride's family how many, the marriage agenda, meets (or delivers) kisses the way and so on. Discusses the marriage by the bilateral guardians, the children to act to exchange the opinion directly, sometimes must the recommender be coordinated, often discussed that only then achieves the mutual recognition many times. When discusses the marriage, the groom's family wants to pay the bride's side a bridegroom's gift to bride's family to buy the trousseau, the bride's side often returns a small part to show politely. … Before getting married, male and female both sides to arrive at the Local government to go through the marriage registration formalities first. The bride's side buys the trousseau, the groom's family must decorate the nuptial chamber, places the new furniture (, if the bride's side provides a daughter with a dowry furniture, must deliver ahead of time), the bed (kang) lays down one newly, the entrance pastes the antithetical couplet. Gets married this day, generally meets (some by groom's family to deliver by the bride's side), in the early 80s, saddle horse Che Huo rode the bicycle, the mid and late part rides the tractor or the vehicle for agriculture purpose, in the 90s multipurpose sedan car. The bride has the maternal home person dowry, the trousseau also delivers. Gets out when sets off the firecrackers, to play music welcome. Bridal, in a bridegroom step in hospital, the master presides over the wedding ceremony ceremony. Afterward, the bride enters the nuptial chamber, the bystander emerges immediately, the name said that “teases the bride”, area Binzhou also has “noisy mother-in-law” the custom. Is the date, the groom's family chats the banquet to entertain the bride's side visitor with to congratulate the relatives and friends, the cities entertains guests at a banquet many in the hotel. In the 90s, the government initiates to change existing habits and customs, organization collective wedding ceremony, both lively and thrifty, but also some youth men and women choose the traveling marriage. … In the countryside marries the bridegroom's gift to bride's family overweight phenomenon to be more common, the cities send and pick up the bride, the wedding banquet to put up a front the wind also to have potential of the spread.
     Second, gives birth In the 80s, the national initiative birth control, latter decides as the national policy, to gives birth the custom to have affects greatly. The child-bearing age postpones mostly, the birth embryo number is the reduction greatly. After marriage many year sterility, no longer uses the superstitious way to pray for a son, the husbands and wives to the hospital inspection, are sick the immediate cure. After being pregnant, arrives at the hospital physical examination frequently, the childbirth goes to the hospital generally. The baby is born for 3 days later, the maternal home carries the nutritious foods and baby clothes comes to see. Because is the only child, gives a name especially prudently, is fastidious about unique, the implication freshly profound, the pleasing to the ear upper opening, the countryside gives a name still needs to manifest the rank the character consideration. The whole family participates in the naming mostly, often extracts several names, uses according to qualification. The infant name many to fold the character, the given name two characters are gradually many. The baby is born the 12th day, the popular name “12 noons”, the relatives and friends bring the gift to celebrate, for baby “round ear”. Is born for 1 month, the popular name “the plenilune”, the maternal home meets the mother and child to go to period of time, for baby “articulation head”. In the 90s, the cities manufacture a writing brush fashionably with the baby lanugo, takes the permanent commemoration. To the hundred days, is the baby hangs the longevity lock pendant worn by children, puts on “the hundred families clothing”, the photography accepts as a memento. A year old of date, the relatives and friends congratulate, the master holds the family reunion banquet to entertain. In countryside, if is the boy, a year old of memento is especially grand. In the past was popular “grasps the week” the custom, presently gradually abandons.
       Third, name In the 80s, the family and the relative name with first basic same, written name like my father, the command revere, my dear friend, my younger brother urgently needing to be gradually few, only in some special occasion use, mostly uses the oral name. The social name change is big. In the late 70s, between the members of different social classes called comrade mutually. In the 80s, only calls comrade in the conference or in official business activity, generally the situation calls skilled worker, if many are symmetric for the acquaintance or the colleague by the surname, the crown by “old” or “is small” according to the age before the surname. The countryside fellow villager many by the rank, the age takes the name basis. In the 90s, in the cities calls gentleman to the male, calls madame, wife, woman, young lady to the female and so on. The business circles call “boss” (business owner) popularly, “mister” (company executive). Between the official many are symmetric by the duty, if opposite party is a deputy, “” the character will remove. Many are symmetric to the professionals by the title, like some professor, some doctor, some labor (engineer) and so on. … Fourth, birthday Offers birthday congratulations for old person is the traditional reverence for elders custom. In the 80s, above 60 years old person only then starts to celebrate a birthday generally. Birthday this day, the children, the relatives and friends bring other presents which the cake, the meats, the liquor, the tea and old person like to come for old person to offer birthday congratulations. In the family buys the sumptuous banquet, old person dresses a new home in the seat of honor, the whole family 11 proposes a toast, wishes old person the healthy longevity. In the 90s, offer birthday congratulations many families to the hotel for old person, some to the television station, the Broadcasting station request a song or wraps a movie for old person the birthday greetings. Is a date, because of children all assembled, illuminates entire family lucky countenance mostly. … In the 90s, below 60 years old the middle-aged or young people also start to celebrate a birthday; The only child for the family attention's center, on the birthday must, and is grand, has lost the birthday custom the significance originally.
     Fifth, funeral In the 80s, in the traditional funeral custom the partial etiquette are popular in the countryside. When old person the life is critically ill, the children namely trade clothes to old person, regardless of winter summer, cotton-padded jacket. Side every directly-related family member protects, listens to the will, visual old person leaves the world. Old person breathes, the younger generation arrives in the courtyard “to call the soul” immediately face the southwest, intends to calls the dead soul, also has the obituary notice clansman, the neighborhood meaning. Then the goner puts on the bier, for food, burns incense, selects the large oil lamp lit day and night before Buddha status. The younger generation mourning dress, in the gate is pasting the white paper. Manages funeral's head of the clan or the village cadre delegates the human to report the mourning to the dead relatives and friends, has the written obituary notice and the oral newspaper loses two forms, the primary coverage and died the time which for the dead name, encoffinned, conducts a funeral procession. … In the early 80s, the countryside area implemented the burial of dead underground, must the goner load in the coffin, named encoffinned. This time, the relatives must arrive to the remains farewell. If the dead is a female, must present by the maternal home person. After encoffinning, the coffin parks the funeral awning, the younger generation passes in review two edge joints according to the men and women to offer condolences the relatives and friends. Offering condolences cries next to kneel the first ritual, the very close relative still needs to pay establishes the meter. Stops the spirit time 3~5 days different.
       Conducts a funeral procession the preceding day of evening, the people in mourning holds the farewell ceremony for the dead, the popular name “delivers winds around”, the place elects in the street intersection or the open area. The deacon person suspends the altar in advance, sets at the incense burner candlestick, arranges the cooked food food and wine, the younger generation and the relatives and friends 11 kotows to the dead soul streamer sees off. The ritual finishes, burns paper resembling money the vehicle, the horse, the sedan, the money tree and so on, the children cries the number to rush to the fire, shows to detain to the dead. Conducts a funeral procession, also the name buries, the eldest son holds the spirit streamer, other younger generations hold the funeral staff, along with coffin to tomb. After the coffin enters the hole, the younger generation holds the earth to scatter covers in the coffin intends to kisses buries. Then the fellow villager piles earth Cheng Fen. Third date, the children earth fill “visits the grave on the third day after burial”, the burning paper resembling money sacrifice mourns. From the family member died the date every to hold a memorial service for one time on seventh to the grave, “77” up. … The parents were alive die do not follow the above etiquette. In the late 80s, within the boundaries universal carrying out cremation, the government initiates to change existing habits and customs, the etiquette simplifies gradually. Falls evenly disperses in the field grave, establishes the public cemetery, some villages build up the memorial hall depositing cinerary casket. In the 90s, the countryside set up a stone monument fashionably for dying or the tree-planting makes the commemoration. … The township dwellers funeral compares Jan, after dying, held the ceremony of bidding farewell to the deceased in the funeral parlor, the relative, the friend, the colleague expresses grief to the dead. Afterward, delivers the cremation factory cremation, the cinerary casket delivers memorial hall depositing.
     Sixth, ancestor worship In the 80s, the countryside old times wind of the ancestor worship was popular. The ancestor worship by sweeps the graves, makes sacrifices to one's ancestors two ways. Sweeps the graves the name to visit a grave, has the fixed date. Pure Brightness sweeps the graves universally, besides sacrificial offering, but must add the earth for the grave, protection summer day rain wash. Lunar calendar in July 15 with October 1 sweeping the graves many are the females, generally on only “the new grave” (i.e. died grave of soon paternal grandparents, the parents). Spring Festival sweeps the graves grandly, before entire clan male arrives at the grave, the bowing politely ancestors, and beats a drum plays music, to set off the firecrackers. Makes sacrifices to one's ancestors, namely supposes the hall ancestor worship in the home. Generally 30 (slightly enters in the year 29) before dawn, asks the ancestor the guardian rate sub-nephew to the outskirts to go home to celebrate the new year. Supposes the altar in the main room, is hanging “the family hall”, the exhibition genealogy, the ignition incenses and candles, display the high quality goods. Lunar New Year's Eve, the family member kowtows to the ancestor salutes, burns incense burns paper resembling money, to set off the firecrackers. Second day delivers the ancestors to turn over. Second month of Autumn the festival, the ancestors gala also has the sacrificial offering. … Seventh, courtesy In the 80s, the people associate the courtesy popular handshake, to cup one hand in the other across the chest, the nod to express best wishes. Spring Festival pays new year's call to the elder, the sacrificial offering ancestors, to offer condolences and so on special occasion, the countryside has the line to kneel the gift given to a visitor. Between the relatives and friends presents the present or invites, must retaliate in the suitable season. First meeting, introduces itself first, or presents the name card. Meets again after a long separation kindly shakes hand, extends the regards mutually. When distinction waves in greeting. At the banquet asks the visitor to take a seat first, proposes a toast offers food to a guest; After the mat disperses, visitor advance, and delivers to the wrong side of the door. Is riding in a carriage, situations and so on shopping, seeing a doctor, old, young, woman first. In the 90s, all levels of the government stress the promotion of cultural and ethical progress, observes the proprieties, politeness treats people, the words and deeds civilization becomes the fashion.