学会多语言的实质性思考

Lyélé [lee] (Burkina Faso: Sanguié Province.)  

A vièlè            greeting spoken by a guest 啊 福乐乐。
On hon           reply to A vièlè 哦 好昂。

Ma [mjn] (Papua New Guinea: Madang Province.)

Banyong kamung            general daytime greeting 办用 可啊盟。
Hep jim                            morning greeting 好佩 吉姆。
Bapang                            afternoon greeting 巴傍。
  Hep kamung                     evening greeting 好吧 可梦。

Ma'anyan [mhy] (Indonesia: Kalimantan.)

Tabe                                  general greeting 踏吧。
Inun kabar?                         how are you? 应牛 可啊吧儿？
Inun kabar pulaksanai?        how are you? spoken to a close friend 应牛 可啊吧 菩拉萨乃？
Salamat panalu                     welcome greeting 萨拉吗的 盼那露。

Maasai [mas] (Kenya and Tanzania: Serengeti.)

Suba general greeting spoken to a man
Suba oleng reply to Suba
  Ero suba general greeting spoken to a man
  Lo murani general greeting spoken to a man
  Nairo takwenya general greeting spoken to a woman
  Takwenya general greeting spoken to a woman
  Iko reply to Takwenya
  Ikoo reply to Takwenya in the Arusha dialect
  Na kitok informal greeting spoken to a woman
  Nditho takwenya greeting spoken to a young woman
  Koko takwenya greeting spoken to an older woman
  Murani takwenya greeting spoken to a warrior
  Kulalayo takwenya greeting spoken to a young man
  Enta suba pawkin greeting spoken to a group of people
  Iraga tesereiani morning greeting
  Metamelono endama morning greeting
  Engishaa? how are you?
  Engishaa reply to Engishaa
  Kasserian ingera? how are the children?
  Sepati ingera reply to Kasserian ingera, literally "the children are fine"
  Aitinyiku ndai naleng welcome greeting
  Sobai general greeting spoken to a man in the Arusha dialect
  Aba reply to Sobai in the Arusha dialect
  Eba reply to Sobai in the Arusha dialect
  Abaya general greeting in the Kisonko dialect
  Wee reply to Abaya in the Kisonko dialect

Maay [ymm] (Somalia.)

  Se ataan general greeting
Bariida morning greeting
Sekubariida morning greeting
Bariideena morning greeting
  Nepeda kabariini reply to Bariideena
Se lakabariyi? morning greeting
  Hergela afternoon greeting
  Hergeleena? afternoon greeting  
  Nepeda kahergelni reply to Hergeleena
  Sekihergeli afternoon greeting
  Sababariya nighttime greeting
  Se atiing? how are you?
  Se ahaayteen? how are you?
  Faayne reply to Se atiing and Se ahaayteen
  Se'eta? how are you?
  Ani fayleya reply to Se'eta
  Sadhowaw welcome greeting

Mabaan [mfz] (Sudan: Blue Nile and Upper Nile.)

I niinni         general greeting 哎 你应呢。
E, i niin        reply to I niinni 哦，艾 您。
  Mungon        general greeting 梦歌昂。

Macedonian [mkd] (Macedonia.)

Здраво zdravo: general greeting
Добар ден dobar den: general daytime greeting
  Добро утро  dobro utro: morning greeting
  Добро вечер dobro vecher: evening greeting
  Добра ноќ dobra nokj: nighttime greeting
  Како сте? kako ste: how are you? formal
Како си? kako si: how are you? informal
  Како ти оди? kako ti odi: how are you? informal
  Што правиш? shto pravish: how are you?
  Добар сум dobar sum: reply to Како сте, Како си, Како ти оди, and Што правиш
  Добро сум dobro sum: reply to Како сте, Како си, Како ти оди, and Што правиш
  Арно сум arno sum: reply to Како сте, Како си, Како ти оди, and Што правиш
Арен сум aren sum: reply to Како сте, Како си, Како ти оди, and Што правиш
  Добредојдовте dobre dojdovte: welcome greeting
  Добродојдовте dobro dojdovte: welcome greeting

Machame [jmc] (Tanzania.)

Kufyenda general greeting
Shimbonyi general greeting
  Shimboni general greeting in the Kibosho dialect
  Shimbonyi shafo general greeting
Shimbonyi mndumii shafo general greeting spoken to a man
  Shimbonyi wakyeku shafo general greeting spoken to a woman
  Nachicha reply to Shimbonyi shafo
  Njimcha reply to Shimbonyi shafo
  Shicha reply to Shimbonyi shafo
  Nesindisa general greeting
  Kufwaero general greeting
  Kufwakisha reply to Kufwaero
  Nantwambe general greeting spoken to a man
  Nantwama general greeting spoken to a woman
  Ikama reply to Nantwambe and Nantwama
  Mbe reply to Nantwambe and Nantwama
  Shimbonyi sha ngamey morning greeting
  Amka mbe morning greeting spoken to a man
  Amka mae morning greeting spoken to a woman
  Kokafo kura? how are you?
  Nachicha reply to Kokafo kura
  Uipfo kura? how are you? spoken to a group of people
  Luwecha reply to Uipfo kura
  Chamecha welcome greeting
  Karubu mnu welcome greeting

Machiguenga [mcb] (Peru.)

Aiñovi general greeting
  Aiñombi general greeting
  Je'ee, aiñona reply to Aiñovi and Aiñombi
  Aiñona reply to Aiñovi and Aiñombi
  Aiño reply to Aiñovi and Aiñombi
  Viro, pokakevi general greeting spoken to a person arriving, literally "you have come"
  Pokakevi general greeting spoken to a person arriving, literally "you have come"
  Pokakembi general greeting spoken to a person arriving, literally "you have come"
  Je'ee, pokakena reply to Pokakevi and Pokakembi, literally "yes, I have come"
  Tera pimantsigate? how are you?, literally "are you not sick?"
  Tera nomantsigatake general greeting after a long absence and reply to Tera pimantsigate, literally "I am not sick"

Machinga [mvw] (Tanzania.)

Baa tutaloa leo?       how are you? 巴 图踏喽 乐哦？