学会多语言的实质性思考

Mentawai [mwv] (Indonesia: Sumatra.)

Salam general greeting
Anai leu ita general greeting
Aleu ita general greeting
Kipa ekeu? how are you?

Menya [mcr] (Papua New Guinea: Menyamya District.)


Awinje
general greeting

He qaŋi äuŋgä ikäka äquyepätqäŋa?
general greeting, literally "have you walked around well?"
Ne qaŋä äŋuänä ikitan äquyepqunä reply to He qaŋi äuŋgä ikäka äquyepätqäŋa

Merey [meq] (Cameroon: Diamere Division.)

Kətkət general greeting

Meriam Mir [ulk] (Australia and Papua New Guinea.)


Debe idim
morning greeting


Debe gerger
daytime greeting


Debe eipe lim
daytime greeting


Debe kikem
afternoon greeting


Debe ki
evening and nighttime greeting


Nako ma nali?
how are you?


Sikak ka nali
reply to Nako ma nali


Ka sikak ka nali
reply to Nako ma nali


Nako wa nali?
how are you? spoken to a group of people


Sikak
reply to Nako ma nali and Nako wa nali


Maiem
welcome greeting

Meru [mer] (Kenya: Meru District, Eastern Province.)

Muga general greeting spoken to one person  
Mugeni general greeting spoken to a group  
Muga baba greeting spoken to a man one generation older than the speaker  
Muga mama greeting spoken to a woman one generation older than the speaker
Muga juju greeting spoken to a person two generations older than the speaker
Muga mono reply to Muga and Mugeni  
Kwega reply to Muga and Mugeni  
Kathongi reply to Muga and Mugeni  
Kwantwa general greeting
Kwasingiso general greeting
Muga kairi general greeting when seeing someone a second time ("hello again")

Uri umwega?
how are you? to one person


Ndi umwega
reply to Uri umwega


Ni ndi umwega
reply to Uri umwega

Buri babeega? how are you? to a group
Turi babeega reply to Buri babeega
Niatia? how are you?
Ikwega reply to Niatia

Otinda atia?
how are you? to one person


Ndatinda bwega
reply to Otinda atia

Bwatinda atia? how are you? to a group
Twatinda bwega reply to Bwatinda atia
Muga rukiiri morning greeting to one person  
Urere atia? morning greeting to one person t
Ndere bwega reply to Urere atia
Burere atia? morning greeting to a group  
Turere atia reply to Burere atia

Mesquakie [sac] (United States of America: Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, and Oklahoma.)

Hô general greeting in the Fox dialect
Ahô general greeting in the Sac dialect
Menwiwâpanwi morning greeting
Tâni châhi eshipemâtethiyani? how are you?
Kemenwipemâtethi? how are you? to one person
Kemenwipemâtethipwa? how are you? to a group of people
Nemenwipemâtethi reply to Kemenwipemâtethi and Kemenwipemâtethipwa

Miami [mia] (United States of America: Indiana and Oklahoma.)

Aya general greeting
Aya aya general greeting
Aya niihka greeting spoken to a friend
Aya niihkaania greeting spoken to a group of friends
Aya niihkaaninka greeting spoken to a group of friends
Aya eeweemilaani greeting spoken to a relative
Aya eeweemilakakoki greeting spoken to a group of relatives
Aya ceeki eeweemakiki
greeting spoken to a group of relatives
Aya ceelaweemilaani greeting spoken to a close relative
Aya ceelaweemilakakoki greeting spoken to a group of close relatives
Neehahki-nko kiiyawi? how are you? spoken to one person
Neehahki-nko kiiyoowe? how are you? spoken to a group
Neehahki niiyawi reply to Neehahki-nko kiiyawi
Iihia reply to Neehahki-nko kiiyawi and Neehahki-nko kiiyoowe
Neehahki-nko eeweemaciki? how is your family?
Ceeki neehahki eeweemakiki reply to Neehahki-nko eeweemaciki
Taaniši išinaakosiyani? how are you? informal
Keetwi keewaacimwinki? how are you?, literally "what's the news"
Meeneehwiki keewaacimwinki reply to Keetwi keewaacimwinki
Taaniši ayaayani? where are you going?
Minooteeninkiši iiyaayaani reply to Taaniši ayaayani, "I am going to town"
Meehkimwikaaninkiši iiyaayaani reply to Taaniši ayaayani, "I am going to work"
Maacaani reply to Taaniši ayaayani, "I am going home"
Teepahki neeyolaani welcome greeting, "I am glad to see you" spoken to one person
Teepahki neeyolakakoki welcome greeting, "I am glad to see you" spoken to more than one person

Mian [mpt] (Papua New Guinea: Sandaun Province.)

Íbó yé bliba? greeting spoken when arriving at a house, literally "are you there?"
Ae, ní yé biebobe reply to Íbó yé bliba
Kóbó yé tleba? greeting spoken when meeting on a path, literally "you have come to this place?'
Ae, yé  tlibe reply to Kóbó yé tleba
Yé tlibe  reply to Kóbó yé tleba
Klayam tleba? greeting spoken to a person who is arriving, literally "have you arrived safely?"
Klayam seba? morning greeting
Ae, klayam siba reply to Klayam seba
Seba? morning greeting
Sibe reply to Seba
Klayam bieba? how are you?  
Ae, klayam blibe reply to Klayam bieba

Michif [crg] (United States of America: North Dakota. Canada.)

Tawnshi general greeting
Bonjour general greeting
Tawnshi kiya mataen morning greeting
Bon swear evening and nighttime greeting
Tawnshi kiya? how are you? spoken to one person
Nimiyou ayawn reply to Tawnshi kiya
Zhi baen reply to Tawnshi kiya
Tawnshi kiyawow? how are you? spoken to a group of people
Nimiyou anan reply to Tawnshi kiyawow

Micmac [mic] (Canada: Nova Scotia.)

Kwe' general greeting
Welta'sualuleg general greeting
Welta'sualualet general greeting
Welta'sualul general greeting
Weli eksitpu'k morning greeting
Weli gisgeg morning greeting
Me' tal-wlein? how are you?
Me' talein? how are you? informal
O' welei reply to Me' tal-wlein and Me' talein
Welei reply to Me' tal-wlein and Me' talein
Pjila'si welcome greeting spoken to one person  
Pjila'tigw welcome greeting spoken to two people  
Pjilita'gw welcome greeting spoken to three or more people