学会多语言的实质性思考

Miwok, Southern Sierra [skd] (United States of America: California.)


Híyako'
general greeting spoken to a person arriving

Híyanaksi general greeting spoken to a person arriving


Híyakoc'i
general greeting spoken to a group of people arriving

Híntikatun 'óppoj? how are you?
Mínimi? where did you come from?

Mixe, Coatlán [mco] (Mexico: east central Oaxaca.)

Huindzin general greeting
Cïkeh tatpi'k greeting spoken to an older man
Cïkeh nangohp greeting spoken to an older woman
Cïkeh tat greeting spoken to an older male relative
Cïkeh nan greeting spoken to an older female relative
Cïkeh mïyš greeting spoken to a younger man
Cïkeh kiyš greeting spoken to a younger woman

Mixe, Isthmus [neq] (Mexico: Oaxaca.)

Wiindsǿn general greeting

Mixe, Juquila [mxq] (Mexico: east central Oaxaca.)

Dios mep general greeting
Dios maygyépyuty general greeting
Maygyépyuty general greeting
Wintsún general greeting
Wintso jiaty how are you?
Yakxon reply to Wintso jiaty
Oy ku ti minta  welcome greeting

Mixe, North Central [neq] (Mexico: northeastern Oaxaca.)

Makyëpyë
general greeting
Mëgeep general greeting
Za jiatzy general greeting
Maay morning greeting
Ešnásh afternoon greeting
Mogutzou evening greeting
Dios mayep general greeting spoken in Ayutla
Shanásh dios mayep afternoon greeting spoken in Ayutla
Wintzö mhaif? how are you? spoken in Ayutla

Mixe, Tlahuitoltepec [mxp] (Mexico: Oaxaca.)

Windsøn general greeting
Määy meets muku'uktëëjk greeting spoken to a group of friends
Na'amuk meets muku'uktëëjk greeting spoken to a group of friends
Xë'n mjätt? how are you?
Jam te'n mmëjk'ätt a? how are you? spoken to a group
Jam te'n na'amuk mmëjkätta? how are you? spoken to a group
Jam te'n ajäj atë'kx xpäätt x'ext a? how are you? spoken to a group
Ëy ku mentë welcome greeting
Ëy ku miny welcome greeting
Wintzön general greeting spoken in Yautepec
Dios mhaiquep general greeting spoken in Yautepec
Öy may? how are you? in Yautepec

Mixe, Totontepec [mto] (Mexico: northeastern Oaxaca.)

Diós te' meep general greeting spoken to a man in Totontepec
Diós tac meep general greeting spoken to a woman in Totontepec
Diós meep general greeting spoken to a friend or social equal in Totontepec
Te' meep informal greeting spoken to a man in Totontepec
Tac meep informal greeting spoken to a woman in Totontepec
Oy ko mintë
welcome greeting in Totontepec
Dios temep general greeting spoken to a man in Villa Alta
Dios takmep general greeting spoken to a woman in Villa Alta
Ninzó tó mkuhahtk? how are you? spoken in the morning in Villa Alta
Mök ïz tö nkuhahtk reply to Ninzó tó mkuhahtk

Mixtec, Alacatlatzala [mim] (Mexico: Guerrero.)

Tánikuu general greeting
Tánikuu ún general greeting
Tánikuu ún tatá general greeting spoken to a man
Tánikuu ún naná general greeting spoken to a woman
Kuá'a ún tatá general greeting spoken to a man
Kuá'a ún naná general greeting spoken to a woman
Án va'a yíyó mií ún afternoon greeting
Án va'a yíyó mií ún tatá afternoon greeting spoken to a man
Án va'a yíyó mií ún naná afternoon greeting spoken to a woman
A íyó va'a ún? how are you?
Íyó va'a vaí reply to A íyó va'a ún

Mixtec, Alcozauca [xta] (Mexico: Guerrero.)

Án xíká va'a ndó?
general greeting

Mixtec, Apasco-Apoala [mip] (Mexico: Oaxaca.)

Lamanuni dito greeting spoken to a man
Lamanuni didi greeting spoken to a woman
Nchaa takuuni? how are you?
Io wa'ani da reply to Nchaa takuuni