学会用眼睛说话
学会阅读欣赏好的说话类的英语文本，你要欣赏它，体验说话的意境，要学会用眼睛说话，眼睛的无形的笔来说话，用眼睛无形的口来说话，用眼睛来思考问题，用眼睛看清说话的语音痕迹，总之，你的眼睛在看说话的英语话，眼睛本身也在说话，眼睛也在思维，眼睛也在复述课文，眼睛也在浮想情景，眼睛也在复述课文。你的眼睛代替了一起。
选择会说话的文本用眼睛说话。‘What about memorizing connected texts in a foreign language, such as dialogs or little stories or the like?’ I asked. ‘Is that something you thrive on, something you can do but don’t care for, something you detest?’ ‘Well, this is essentially what we were required to do in Chinese. Within reason, of course. I mean, one doesn’t sit down and memorize three pages of text - of narrative, but there is something to be . . .’ ‘Memorization wasn’t something that particularly bothered you?’
用眼睛说话说文本的话音‘No. No, within reason. By that I mean that one had to have assurance that this was what people really said. If I was going to spend the time on it, I wanted to be sure it was going to be worth the effort.’ ‘But memorizing twenty or twenty-five lines, or something like that . . .’ ‘No, that didn’t bother me.’ ‘You’d go home and do it, and bring it back the next day, and . . .’ ‘Yes, and I stress that because, with the text we’re now using in this language, I think all of us have a feeling that the language in the book is rather stilted and artificial, and not necessarily what we’d be saying.
用眼睛说出的文本的生词‘That feature of the Chinese course was what gave you an instinct for what is actually said in the language - for how sentences are put together.’ ‘Yes. In this language I feel that IComments
用眼睛想出说话的情景Bert is complaining that in his present course, samples of language appropriate for one situation or one social level are mixed with samples appropriate for other situations and levels. This causes trouble whether he is ‘learning’ or ‘acquiring’ the language. (In Chinese he seems to have done some of both.) ‘Learning,’ in the narrow sense described in 1.1.2, is something like playing an intellectual game. To ask a learner to keep track of new patterns on more than one social or geographical level is like asking a new checkers player to play on a three-dimensional board just have countless patterns sort of swimming around in my head.’
用眼睛添油加醋进行复述说话 ‘Anything in the general area of learning vocabulary?’ I inquired. ‘Some people use word cards, and some people do other things.’ ‘I’ve done it both ways. Really, I swore off cards.’ Bert paused. ‘I have a trick memory,’ he went on. ‘That’s probably the thing I’m best at in language learning. I A formal Learner: Bert 31 do tend to remember words for everything. So in the past I never did cards. This time, I thought I’d do it. When I make cards now, I make a card with the word, but I always do a full sentence, and then attempt to know the word in the sentence. I think making cards with a vocabulary word and then a corresponding word in English is a waste of time because you don’t know how it’s used.’
用眼睛记忆文本的方法
用眼睛记忆文本，你要用眼睛看文本看到每个句子的读音字母Then what you do is put the foreign language sentence on one side . . .’ ‘What I do is put the foreign word on one side, and a whole sentence using the word on the other side.’ ‘Aha! Then the whole card is in the foreign language!’ ‘As I said, I think my trick memory was what let me get a perfect score on the aptitude test.’ ‘A memory that lets you get things back mostly visually?’ ‘Yes, it’s primarily visual. In Chinese I could give you the shape of the written character along with the pronunciation and the tone. If you give me a list of things, I can memorize them somewhat more rapidly than most other people.’ ‘That must be very handy!’
用眼睛记忆文本，你的眼睛看到句子的生词的时候，你要通过眼睛看完读音字母想出完整的单词写法。‘Well, yes, but it doesn’t at all mean I’m going to be able to put them into a nice fluent sentence. But in Russian and French it kept me from having to study at home.’ ‘You didn’t necessarily write it down. You just heard the word used in discourse, or you heard that this Russian word means this English word, or . . .’ ‘Yes, both ways. Back when I was a kid I could memorize baseball averages very easily, too. That kind of thing. Not particularly admirable. It’s just there.’ ‘But you do find, though, that if you get into the middle of a sentence in a foreign language, and you want to say something, that you can sort of turn on this memory and pick out the word you need? Or doesn’t it work that way?’ ‘If language were only a series of vocabulary words strung together, I’d do fine!’
用眼睛看出整个文本的情景
用眼睛看文本，你要看到一个句子看到句子的最短的话。In making his flashcards, Bert makes no use at all of his native language. He simply relates a word in the foreign language to a sentence in the same language. That way he avoids interference from English. (Of course, that sentence must be one that he can largely understand, so that it provides context for the word.) Both Bert and Ann had something to say about the learning of vocabulary lists. But where Ann despaired of it, Bert has a special gift for it. We will meet many more examples of just how different outstanding learners are from one another.
用眼睛看文本，你要流利的看完每个小段落的完整句子。Some scholars have investigated relationships that exist between differences of psychological type, and differences in how people learn languages. One such study concluded that: the current approach [my italics] to presenting material and structuring learning is better suited in general to learners (a) who are able to work alone efficiently, to concentrate well, and avoid outside distractions (Introverted); (b) who tend to be global learners, have a natural flair for abstract thinking and have a tolerance for theory (Intuitive); and (c) who like to live life in a planned, orderly, and organized way (Judging).” (The terms Introverted, Intuitive and Judging are used here as they are in the Myers-Briggs Type-Indicator studies.)
用眼睛看文本，你要看完一个句子记住一个句子的完整的声音。In my own study of other languages I have used two variants of Bert’s technique. One is to replace the word by a blank on the sentence side of the card. Then I can start by looking at either side, and test myself by trying to give the other. A second variant is to put the word on one side and some crude pictorial representation of its meaning on the other. I’m very poor at drawing, but the fact that I’m the only one to use the cards makes artistic quality irrelevant. The same principle applies here that we saw in the experiment in 1.1.3: that the important thing is to make and use one’s own images
用眼睛看文本，你要看出文本里面的生词的汉语读音的意思
句子里面遇到生词怎么办？你要用眼睛来看出生词的读音。Visual, visceral and other components of meaning images Like Aileen, Bob was a language learner about whose overall skill or success I know nothing. Toward the end of our interview, he talked to me about memorization. ‘As far as memorizing words is concerned, ’ Bob said, ‘I don’t have much trouble with that. It’s best if I hear the word, and then later that evening, I’ll look at it. Then I usually do the thing where I read the Turkish and block out the English, and as soon as I can block out the English and recall it once [Bob snapped his fingers], it’s there. I’m very unlikely ever to forget it again.
你要用眼睛看出生词的写法。You’ve got it then.’‘Yes,’ Bob replied, ‘I can read the English and visualize the Turkish, or the other way around.’ ‘You said “visualize.” Does this mean you can see where it was on the page? That sort of thing?’ I asked. ‘Sometimes. But mostly it’s like this. When I hear the Turkish word okul for “school,” for example, I visualize the building, a school, the feeling of school, and that’s what I try to associate with the Turkish word. The feeling of it, so I don’t have to translate through English.’ ‘Doing it the other way would 。
你要用眼睛看出英语的汉语读音。In my own study of other languages I have used two variants of Bert’s technique. One is to replace the word by a blank on the sentence side of the card. Then I can start by looking at either side, and test myself by trying to give the other. A second variant is to put the word on one side and some crude pictorial representation of its meaning on the other. I’m very poor at drawing, but the fact that I’m the only one to use the cards makes artistic quality irrelevant. The same principle applies here that we saw in the experiment in 1.1.3: that the important thing is to make and use one’s own images.
你要用眼睛看出汉语的字母的意思。 . . would really mess things up. It may take me a little longer in the beginning, to associate the feeling instead of the English word, but in the long run it speeds things up. It helps my comprehension when they speak to me in class. The same thing happened to me with Spanish in Bolivia.’ ‘This really works for you.’ ‘Oh, yes, and it works for dialogs, too. I try to read the sentence in Turkish, and get the words down cold, so that I feel the meaning coming out of them. And then I go on and feel what the whole dialog is. It’s like I put together a series of mental pictures.’ ‘And then when you say the dialog, you just talk about the pictures.’ ‘Exactly! And if I miss a word here or there, then I know what to focus on the next time.’ ‘And gradually you get it verbatim.’ ‘That’s right.’ ‘And you do this primarily by forming and talking about mental pictures.’ ‘Yes, but I don’t want to overemphasize the visual aspect. It’s not so much a mental picture as a mental feeling.’ ‘More of a visceral than a visual thing,’ I suggested. ‘Yeah, almost,’ Bob replied. ...
用眼睛看文本看出说话的图像
用眼睛看文本实现英语的汉语音译。Bob’s description of how he memorizes is clearer than Bert’s. His means of memorizing is also probably somewhat different from Bert’s. This excerpt illustrates two points of considerable interest to the practical learner: Nonverbal imagery as a whole combines many modalities: kinesthetic, visual, auditory, emotional and all the rest.4 Out of this mass of data, some people naturally form very clear and precise visual pictures, while others are able to do this rarely or never. Bob seems to be in the second group. (So am I.) Some writers of language textbooks are excellent visualizers. Such writers often assume that everyone else is like them in this respect. When they do, they are likely to expect Bob and me to do things that we are incapable of. Bob and I, in turn, may be just a little intimidated by other people’s descriptions of the vivid visual images they are seeing in their mind’s eye。
用眼睛看文本，你要用眼睛提取汉语音译的图像。We have just seen that some people’s imagery is largely nonvisual: visceral or emotional or kinesthetic or something else. No matter what kind of imagery comes most naturally to you, it will be well worth your time to pause and associate the new foreign word or sentence directly with that imagery, rather than with some translation equivalent in your native language。
用眼睛记忆文本的方法
用眼睛看文本，你要学会看完一篇文章记住它，实现长期记忆简单的句子，学会自己按照文本来说话，学会自己按照文本来想事，按照文本来写作。
A Bob-technique
Here are two approaches to memorizing a poem or other text in your native
language:
你要看完一行记住一行1. Read the first line over and over until you can do it without looking at the book. Then add the second line until you can meet the same criterion, and so on until you reach the end of the poem. (Or do the same thing in writing instead of orally.)
你要看完一段学会写出一段。2. Read the poem silently or aloud a time or two, concentrating on ifs meaning. Look away from the book and try to express in words the same ideas that were in the poem. Look again at the poem, comparing your wording with that of the original. Then express the ideas again in your own words, but trying to approximate the words of the original. Repeat the process until ‘your wording’ and the poet’s wording are identical
你要变成自己的东西来说，来写。This second technique is more like what Bob did. Try it with a short poem in your own language. Then use what you learn from it whenever you practice sentences or texts in a language you are studying
