自学印地语1 问候语

क्या अप विद्यार्थी है ?
kya ap vidyarthi hai? Are you a student?
क्या अप ठीक हैं ?
kya ap thik hai? Are you OK?क्या अप बीमार  हैं ?
kya ap bimar hain? Are you ill?
क्या अप खुश हैं ?
kya ap khush hai? Are you happy?
क्या अप नाराज़ हैं ?
kya ap naraz hai? Are you angry?

You may have noticed that Hindi doesn't have a word for 'a' (though
sometimes the word
एक  ek
- the number 'one' - serves this purpose). There isn't a word for 'the' either.

3 This and that; he, she, and it
So far we've seen the pronouns
मैं main I,
अप ap  you.
Now we move on to the two words that mean, 'this, that, he, she, it'.
यह  yah (often pronounced 'ye') means 'this', and
वह vah (often pronounced 'vo') means 'that'.

यह लरका राम है  .
yah larka Ram hai. This boy is Ram.
यह लरका राम है  .
yah larka Mina hai. This girl is Meena
वह लरका नाराज़ है  ,लेकिन ...
vah larka naraz hai, lekin... That boy is angry, but...
वह लार्की खुश है  .
vah larki khush hai. that girl is happy.

यह  yah and वह also mean 'he, she, it'.If the person referred to is near at hand ('this person here'), use
यह yah;
otherwise, use
वह vah.
Only use
यह yah
when indicating quite specifically 'this person/thing here': when referring to 'he, she, it' generally,वह vah is better.

राम ठक नहीं है .वह बीमे है .
Ram thik nahi hai. vah bimar hai.
Ram isn't well. He's ill.
यह मोटी  है .yah Moti hai.
यह कुत्ता है .yah kutta hai.
यह खुश है .yah khush hai.
यह मेरा है .yah meri hai.

There's no 'he/she' gender distinction in the Hindi pronoun. Later on you'll see that gender is distinguished by some verb endings.In the plural,यह yah becomes ये ye ('these, they'), and वह becomes वे ve('those, they'). And remember है 'hai is' and हैं hain are.

यह आदमी अग्रेज हैं .
yah admi agrez hai. This man's English.
ये लोग अग्रेज हैं .
ye log agrez hain.These people are English.
वह आदमी अग्रेज है .
vah admi agrez hai. That man's English.
व लोग अग्रेज हैं .
ve log agrez hal. Those people are English.

4 More questions

We saw just now that क्या kya
turns a statement into a question,without changing the word order:अप ठीक है    ap   thik hain You are OK' becomes कय  अप ठीक हैं ?kya ap thik hain?'Are you OK?'.But in a second meaning,क्या kya has the sense 'what?' Similarly कौन kaun means 'who?'

क्या kya what?
यह क्या है ?
yah kya hai? What is this?
वह क्या है ?
vah kya hai? What is that?
लॉन kaun who?
यह कौन है ?
yah kaun hai? Who is this?
वह कौन है ?
vah kaun hai? Who is that?