keep
1 keep keeps keeping kept
If someone keeps or is kept in a particular state, they remain in it.
The noise kept him awake.
Reggie was being kept busy behind the bar.
To keep warm they burnt wood in a rusty oil barrel.
For several years I kept in touch with her.
V-LINK-ERG
2 keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep or you are kept in a particular position or place, you remain in it.
Keep away from the doors while the train is moving.
He kept his head down, hiding his features.
It was against all orders to smoke, but a cigarette kept away mosquitoes.
Doctors will keep her in hospital for at least another week.
V-ERG
= stay
3 keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep off something or keep away from it, you avoid it. If you keep out of something, you avoid getting involved in it.
I managed to stick to the diet and keep off sweet foods.
He''s going to be a fantastic player if he keeps away from booze and women.
The best way to keep babies off sugar is to go back to the natural diet and eat lots of fresh fruit.
V-ERG
= stay
4 keep keeps keeping kept
If someone or something keeps you from a particular action, they prevent you from doing it.
Embarrassment has kept me from doing all sorts of things.
He kept her from being lonely.
What can you do to keep it from happening again?
VB
= stop
5 keep keeps keeping kept
If you try to keep from doing something, you try to stop yourself from doing it.
She bit her lip to keep from crying.
He had to lean on Dan to keep from falling.
VB
6 keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep something from someone, you do not tell them about it.
She knew that Gabriel was keeping something from her.
VB
7 keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep doing something, you do it repeatedly or continue to do it.
I keep forgetting it''s December.
I turned back after a while, but he kept walking.
VB
+ keep on keeps on; keeping on; kept on
Keep on means the same as keep.
Did he give up or keep on trying?.
My wife keeps on saying that I work too hard.
PHR-V
8 keep keeps keeping kept
Keep is used with some nouns to indicate that someone does something for a period of time or continues to do it. For example, if you keep a grip on something, you continue to hold or control it.
Until last year, the regime kept a tight grip on the country.
One of them would keep a look-out on the road behind to warn us of approaching vehicles.
His parents kept a vigil by his bedside as he was given brain and body scans.
VB
9 keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep something, you continue to have it in your possession and do not throw it away, give it away, or sell it.
`I like this dress,'' she said. `Keep it. You can have it,'' said Daphne.
Lathan had to choose between marrying her and keeping his job.
VB
10 keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep something in a particular place, you always have it or store it in that place so that you can use it whenever you need it.
She kept her money under the mattress.
She remembered where she kept the gun.
To make it easier to contact us, keep this card handy.
VB
11 keep keeps keeping kept
When you keep something such as a promise or an appointment, you do what you said you would do.
I''m hoping you''ll keep your promise to come for a long visit.
He had again failed to keep his word.
VB
12 keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep a record of a series of events, you write down details of it so that they can be referred to later.
Eleanor began to keep a diary.
The volunteers kept a record of everything they ate for a week.
VB
13 keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep yourself or keep someone else, you support yourself or the other person by earning enough money to provide food, clothing, money, and other necessary things.
She could just about afford to keep her five kids.
I just cannot afford to keep myself.
He married an Armenian with a good dowry, who kept him in silk cravats.
VB
14 keep
Someone''s keep is the cost of food and other things that they need in their daily life.
Ray will earn his keep on local farms while studying.
I need to give my parents money for my keep.
N-SING: poss N
15 keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep animals, you own them and take care of them.
I''ve brought you some eggs. We keep chickens.
This mad writer kept a lobster as a pet.
VB
16 keep keeps keeping kept
If you keep a business such as a small shop or hotel, you own it and manage it.
His father kept a village shop.
VB
17 keep keeps keeping kept
If someone or something keeps you, they delay you and make you late.
Sorry to keep you, Jack.
`What kept you?''n`I went in the wrong direction.''
VB
18 keep keeps keeping kept
If food keeps for a certain length of time, it stays fresh and suitable to eat for that time.
Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, where it will keep for 2-3 weeks.
VB
19 keep keeps keeping kept
You can say or ask how someone is keeping as a way of saying or asking whether they are well.
She hasn''t been keeping too well lately.
How are you keeping these days?
VB: only cont
20 keep keeps
A keep is the main tower of a medieval castle, in which people lived.
N-COUNT
21 keep
If you keep at it, you continue doing something that you have started, even if you are tired and would prefer to stop.
It may take a number of attempts, but it is worth keeping at it.
`Keep at it!'' Thade encouraged me.
PHR: V inflects
= persevere
22 keep
Something that is for keeps is permanent and will not change. (INFORMAL)
Ensure that whatever you gain now will be for keeps.
He advised them to leave town for keeps.
PHR: v-link PHR, PHR after v
= for good
23 keep
If you keep going, you continue moving along or doing something that you have started, even if you are tired and would prefer to stop.
She forced herself to keep going.
I was shouting: `Keep going, keep going!''
PHR: keep inflects
24 keep
If one thing is in keeping with another, it is suitable in relation to that thing. If one thing is out of keeping with another, you mean that it is not suitable in relation to that thing.
His office was in keeping with his station and experience.
In keeping with tradition, the Emperor and Empress did not attend the ceremony.
His own response to it seemed to be out of keeping with his earlier expressed opinions.
PHR: v-link PHR, PHR with cl, oft PHR with n
25 keep
If you keep it up, you continue working or trying as hard as you have been in the past.
There are fears that he will not be able to keep it up when he gets to the particularly demanding third year.
You''re doing a great job! Keep it up!
PHR: V inflects
26 keep
If you keep something to yourself, you do not tell anyone else about it.
I have to tell someone. I can''t keep it to myself.
There''s one thing you can do for me. But keep it to yourself.
PHR: V inflects
27 keep
If you keep yourself to yourself or keep to yourself, you stay on your own most of the time and do not mix socially with other people.
He was a quiet man who kept himself to himself.
Since she knows little Italian, she keeps to herself.
PHR: V inflects
* socialize
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.
-------------------------------------------------
T
keep
verb
1 retain, conserve, control, hold, maintain, possess, preserve
2 store, carry, deposit, hold, place, stack, stock
3 look after, care for, guard, maintain, manage, mind, protect, tend, watch over
4 support, feed, maintain, provide for, subsidize, sustain
5 detain, delay, hinder, hold back, keep back, obstruct, prevent, restrain
noun
6 board, food, living, maintenance
7 tower, castle
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.
-------------------------------------------------
U
keep
used as a transitive verb
To keep someone or something in a particular state or place means to cause them to remain in that state or place. The past tense and past participle of `keep'' is kept, not `keeped''.
She kept her arm around her husband as she spoke.
They had been kept awake by nightingales.
used as an intransitive verb
To keep in a particular state means to remain in that state.
They''ve got to hunt for food to keep alive.
If a sign says `Keep Out'', it is warning you not to go somewhere.
used with an `-ing'' form
Keep can be used in two different ways with an `-ing'' form.
You can use it to say that something is repeated many times.
The phone keeps ringing.
My mother keeps asking questions.
You can also use it to say that something continues to happen and does not stop.
A van began hooting to get by. Bessie kept running.
The bonfire is still burning. I think it''ll keep going all night.
For emphasis, you can use keep on instead of `keep''.
The tank kept on going.
WARNING
You never say that someone or something `keeps to do'' something.
sunyuting1 发表于 >2004-5-29 1:13:29←
我喜欢千万法，我用压码和右脑给千万别学英语一个杠杆，撬起零基础到达自由王国；压码只有一个指标：通过滞后提高速度，速度就是质量,给它注入一个加速器，就会产生一个个奇迹.
[楼 主] | Posted:2004-12-22 20:36|
secret
1 secret
If something is secret, it is known about by only a small number of people, and is not told or shown to anyone else.
Soldiers have been training at a secret location.
The police have been trying to keep the documents secret.
ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n, v n ADJ, v-link ADJ
See also top secret.
?secretly
He wore a hidden microphone to secretly tape-record conversations.
...secretly organised events.
ADV-GRADED: ADV with v, ADV adj/n
2 secret secrets
A secret is a fact that is known by only a small number of people, and is not told to anyone else.
I think he enjoyed keeping our love a secret.
I didn''t want anyone to know about it, it was my secret.
N-COUNT
3 secret
If you say that a particular way of doing things is the secret of achieving something, you mean that it is the best or only way to achieve it.
The secret of success is honesty and fair dealing.
I learned something about writing. The secret is to say less than you need.
N-SING: the N, oft the N of n
4 secret secrets
Something''s secrets are the things about it which have never been fully explained.
We have an opportunity now to really unlock the secrets of the universe.
The past is riddled with deep dark secrets.
N-COUNT: usu pl, oft with poss
5 secret
If you do something in secret, you do it without anyone else knowing.
Dan found out that I had been meeting my ex-boyfriend in secret.
PHR: PHR after v
6 secret
If you say that someone can keep a secret, you mean that they can be trusted not to tell other people a secret that you have told them.
Tom was utterly indiscreet, and could never keep a secret.
PHR: V inflects
7 secret
If you make no secret of something, you tell others about it openly and clearly.
His wife made no secret of her hatred for the formal occasions.
Ministers are making no secret about their wish to buy American weapons.
PHR: V inflects, PHR of n
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.
------------------------------------------------------
T
secret
adjective
1 concealed, close, disguised, furtive, hidden, undercover, underground, undisclosed, unknown, unrevealed
2 stealthy, secretive, sly, underhand
3 mysterious, abstruse, arcane, clandestine, cryptic, occult
noun
4 mystery, code, enigma, key
5 in secret
secretly, slyly, surreptitiously
sunyuting1 发表于 >2004-5-29 1:15:12←
我喜欢千万法，我用压码和右脑给千万别学英语一个杠杆，撬起零基础到达自由王国；压码只有一个指标：通过滞后提高速度，速度就是质量,给它注入一个加速器，就会产生一个个奇迹.
[楼 主] | Posted:2004-12-22 20:33|
小词：
1。the
The is the definite article. It is used at the beginning of noun groups.
1 the
You use the at the beginning of noun groups to refer to someone or something that you have already mentioned or identified.
A waiter came and hovered. John caught my look and we both got up and, ignoring the waiter, made our way to the buffet.
Six of the 38 people were Russian citizens.
DET Usually pronounced before a consonant and before a vowel, but pronounced when you are emphasizing it.
2 the
You use the at the beginning of a noun group when the first noun is followed by an `of'' phrase or a clause which identifies the person or thing.
There has been a slight increase in the consumption of meat.
Of the 9,660 cases processed last year, only 10 per cent were totally rejected.
DET Usually pronounced before a consonant and before a vowel, but pronounced when you are emphasizing it.
3 the
You use the in front of some nouns that refer to something in our general experience of the world.
It''s always hard to speculate about the future.
Amy sat outside in the sun.
He lay in the darkness, pretending to sleep.
DET Usually pronounced before a consonant and before a vowel, but pronounced when you are emphasizing it.
4 the
You use the in front of nouns that refer to people, things, services, or institutions that are associated with everyday life.
The doctor''s on his way.
Who was that on the phone?.
You''re old enough to travel on the train by yourself.
They have a generator when the electricity fails.
Four executive journalists were detained for questioning by the police today.
He took a can of beer from the fridge.
DET Usually pronounced before a consonant and before a vowel, but pronounced when you are emphasizing it.
5 the
You use the instead of a possessive determiner, especially when you are talking about a part of someone''s body or a member of their family.
`How''s the family?''n`Just fine, thank you.''.
I patted him on the head.
She took Gill by the hand.
DET Usually pronounced before a consonant and before a vowel, but pronounced when you are emphasizing it.
6 the
You use the in front of a singular noun when you want to make a general statement about things or people of that type.
An area in which the computer has made considerable strides in recent years is in playing chess.
After dogs, the horse has had the closest relationship with man.
DET: DET sing-n Usually pronounced before a consonant and before a vowel, but pronounced when you are emphasizing it.
7 the
You use the with the name of a musical instrument when you are talking about someone''s ability to play the instrument.
Did you play the piano as a child?.
She was trying to teach him to play the guitar.
DET Usually pronounced before a consonant and before a vowel, but pronounced when you are emphasizing it.
8 the
You use the with nationality adjectives and nouns to talk about the people who live in a country.
The Japanese, Americans, and even the French and Germans, judge economic policies by results.
DET: DET pl-n Usually pronounced before a consonant and before a vowel, but pronounced when you are emphasizing it.
9 the
You use the with words such as `rich'', `poor'', `old'', or `unemployed'' to refer to all people of a particular type.
Conditions for the poor in Los Angeles have not improved.
...care for the elderly, the mentally handicapped and the disabled.
DET: DET pl-n Usually pronounced before a consonant and before a vowel, but pronounced when you are emphasizing it.
10 the
If you want to refer to a whole family or to a married couple, you can make their surname into a plural and use the in front of it.
...a 400 acre farm owned by the Allens...
The Taylors decided that they would employ an architect to do the work.
DET: DET pl-n-proper Usually pronounced before a consonant and before a vowel, but pronounced when you are emphasizing it.
11 the
You use the in front of an adjective when you are referring to a particular thing that is described by that adjective.
He knows he''s wishing for the impossible.
I thought you might like to read the enclosed.
DET: DET adj/-ed Usually pronounced before a consonant and before a vowel, but pronounced when you are emphasizing it.
12 the
You use the to indicate that you have enough of the thing mentioned for a particular purpose.
She may not have the money to maintain or restore her property.
We must have the patience to continue to work until we will find a peaceful solution.
Carl couldn''t even raise the energy for a smile.
DET: DET n to-inf, DET n for n Usually pronounced before a consonant and before a vowel, but pronounced when you are emphasizing it.
= sufficient
13 the
You use the with some titles, place names, and other names.
...the SUN, the DAILY STAR and the DAILY EXPRESS.
...the Albert Hall...
The King has already agreed that the President of the Nepal Congress should be the Prime Minister.
DET Usually pronounced before a consonant and before a vowel, but pronounced when you are emphasizing it.
14 the
You use the in front of numbers such as first, second, and third.
The meeting should take place on the fifth of May.
Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.
One ferry operator `Sealink'' said it was now running a full service for the first time in five weeks.
DET: DET ord Usually pronounced before a consonant and before a vowel, but pronounced when you are emphasizing it.
15 the
You use the in front of numbers when they refer to decades.
It''s sometimes hard to imagine how bad things were in the thirties.
DET: DET pl-num Usually pronounced before a consonant and before a vowel, but pronounced when you are emphasizing it.
16 the
You use the in front of superlative adjectives and adverbs.
Brisk daily walks are still the best exercise for young and old alike.
The Mayor of West Berlin described the Germans as the happiest people in the world.
This engine uses all the most modern technology.
The third girl answered the most audibly.
DET: DET superl Usually pronounced before a consonant and before a vowel, but pronounced when you are emphasizing it.
17 the
You use the in front of each of two comparative adjectives or adverbs when you are describing how one amount or quality changes in relation to another.
The longer you have been in shape in the past, the quicker you will regain fitness in future.
The more confidence you build up in yourself, the greater are your chances of success.
DET: DET compar DET compar Usually pronounced before a consonant and before a vowel, but pronounced when you are emphasizing it.
18 the
When you express rates, prices, and measurements, you can use the to say how many units apply to each of the items being measured.
New Japanese cars averaged 13 km to the litre in 1981.
Some analysts predicted that the exchange rate would soon be $2 to the pound.
DET: DET sing-n Usually pronounced before a consonant and before a vowel, but pronounced when you are emphasizing it.
= per
19 the
You use the to indicate that something or someone is the most famous, important, or best thing of its kind. In spoken English, you put more stress on it, and in written English, you often underline it or write it in capitals or italics.
Camden Market is the place to be on a Saturday or Sunday.
`Olympia is in America, where K Records was founded.''n`No! Surely you don''t mean THE K Records?''
DET Usually pronounced before a consonant and before a vowel, but pronounced when you are emphasizing it.
---------------------------------------
sunyuting1 发表于 >2004-5-29 1:22:11←
我喜欢千万法，我用压码和右脑给千万别学英语一个杠杆，撬起零基础到达自由王国；压码只有一个指标：通过滞后提高速度，速度就是质量,给它注入一个加速器，就会产生一个个奇迹.
[楼 主] | Posted:2004-12-22 20:30|
U
the
The is called the indefinite article. You use the at the beginning of a noun group to refer to someone or something that has already been mentioned or that is already known to the hearer or reader.
A man and a woman were struggling up the dune. The man wore shorts, a T-shirt, and basketball sneakers. The woman wore a print dress.
You add a qualifier, such as a prepositional phrase or a relative clause, when you need to indicate which person or thing you are talking about.
I''ve no idea about the geography of Scotland.
The book that I recommended now costs over three pounds.
You use the with a singular noun to refer to something of which there is only one.
They all sat in the sun.
The sky was a brilliant blue.
The air was warm.
types of thing or person
You can use the with the singular form of a count noun when you want to make a general statement about all things of a particular type.
The computer allows us to deal with a lot of data very quickly.
My father''s favourite flower is the rose.
Note that you can make a similar statement using a plural form. If you do this, you do not use the.
It is then that computers will have their most important social effects.
If you like roses, go out in the garden.
Similarly, you do not use the with an uncount noun when it is used with a general meaning. For example, if you are talking about pollution in general, you say `Pollution is a serious problem''. You do not say `The pollution is a serious problem''.
...victims of crime.
Alcoholism causes disease and death.
You can use the with words such as `rich'', `poor'', `young'', `old'', or `unemployed'' to refer to all people of a particular type.
Only the rich could afford his firm''s products.
They were discussing the problem of the unemployed.
Note that when you use one of these words like this, you do not add `-s'' or `-es'' to it. You do not talk, for example, about `the unemployeds''.
nationalities
You can use the with some nationality adjectives to refer to the people who live in a particular country, or to a group of people who come from that country.
They will be increasingly dependent on the support of the French.
The Spanish claimed that the money had not been paid.
For more information about this use, see entry at Nationality words.
systems and services
You use the with a singular count noun to refer to a system or service.
I don''t like using the phone.
How long does it take on the train?
musical instruments
You usually use the with the name of a musical instrument when you are talking about someone''s ability to play it.
You play the guitar, I see.
However, rock and jazz musicians omit the the.
...the night spot where John played guitar.
professions
The is sometimes used at the beginning of a noun group in which you mention a well-known person''s profession as well as their name. For example, you can talk about `the singer Jill Gomez''.
...the Russian poet Yevtushenko.
If the person has two professions, you can mention both of them. For example, you can talk about `the pianist and conductor Daniel Barenboim''. Note that you only use the once; you do not say `the pianist and the conductor Daniel Barenboim''.
...the Irish writer and critic Maeve Binchy.
Journalists and broadcasters sometimes omit the the.
...writer and critic William Gass.
institutions
You do not usually use the between a preposition and a word like `church'', `college'', `home'', `hospital'', `prison'', `school'', or `university''.
Will we see you in church tomorrow?
I was at school with her.
For more information about this use, see separate entries at these words.
meals
You do not usually use the in front of the names of meals.
I open the mail immediately after breakfast.
I haven''t had dinner yet.
See entry at Meals.
used instead of a possessive
You sometimes use the instead of a possessive determiner, particularly when you are talking about something being done to a part of a person''s body.
She hit him smartly and swiftly on the head.
He took her by the arm and began drawing her firmly but gently away.
For more information about this use, see entry at Possessive determiners.
used with superlatives and comparatives
You usually use the in front of superlative adjectives.
...the smallest church in England.
You do not usually use the in front of superlative adverbs.
...the language they know best.
You do not usually use the in front of comparative adjectives or adverbs.
The model will probably be smaller.
I wish we could get it done quicker.
However, there are a few exceptions to this. For more information, see entries at Comparative and superlative adjectives and Comparative and superlative adverbs.
sunyuting1 发表于 >2004-5-29 1:23:43←
我喜欢千万法，我用压码和右脑给千万别学英语一个杠杆，撬起零基础到达自由王国；压码只有一个指标：通过滞后提高速度，速度就是质量,给它注入一个加速器，就会产生一个个奇迹.
[楼 主] | Posted:2004-12-22 20:15|
A, a
1 A, a A''s, a''s
A is the first letter of the English alphabet.
N-VAR
2 A, a A''s, a''s
In music, A is the sixth note in the scale of C major.
N-VAR
3 A, a A''s, a''s
If you get an A as a mark for a piece of work or in an exam, your work is extremely good.
N-VAR
4 A, a
A or a is used as an abbreviation for words beginning with a, such as `acceleration'', `ampere'', or `answer''.
5 A, a
People talk about getting from A to B when they are referring generally to journeys they need to make, without saying where the journeys will take them.
Cars are for getting people from A to B in maximum safety.
PHR: PHR after v
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.
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D2
a
A or an is the indefinite article. It is used at the beginning of noun groups which refer to only one person or thing. The form an is used in front of words that begin with vowel sounds.
1 a WEAK STRONG or an WEAK STRONG
You use a or an when you are referring to someone or something for the first time or when people may not know which particular person or thing you are talking about.
A waiter entered with a tray bearing a glass and a bottle of whiskey.
He started eating an apple.
Today you''ve got a new teacher taking you.
I manage a hotel.
DET: DET sing-n
2 a WEAK STRONG or an WEAK STRONG
You use a or an when you are referring to any person or thing of a particular type and do not want to be specific.
...expensive make-up that we saw being advertised by a beautiful model...
I suggest you leave it to an expert.
Bring a sleeping bag.
...waiting for a bus.
DET: DET sing-n
3 a WEAK STRONG or an WEAK STRONG
You use a or an in front of an uncount noun when that noun follows an adjective, or when the noun is followed by words that describe it more fully.
The islanders exhibit a constant happiness with life.
He did have a real knowledge of the country.
Baseball movies have gained an appreciation that far outstrips those dealing with any other sport.
DET: DET n-uncount with supp
4 a WEAK STRONG or an WEAK STRONG
You use a or an in front of a mass noun when you want to refer to a single type or make of something.
Bollinger `RD'' is a rare, highly prized wine.
DET: DET n-mass
5 a WEAK STRONG or an WEAK STRONG
You use a in quantifiers such as a lot, a little, and a bit.
I spend a lot on expensive jewelry and clothing.
I''ve come looking for a bit of advice.
DET: DET in quant
6 a WEAK STRONG or an WEAK STRONG
You use a or an to refer to someone or something as a typical member of a group, class, or type.
Some parents believe a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.
...the operation a patient has had.
DET: DET sing-n
7 a WEAK STRONG or an WEAK STRONG
You use a or an in front of the names of days, months, or festivals when you are referring to one particular instance of that day, month, or festival.
The interview took place on a Friday afternoon.
It was a Christmas when shoppers passed by expensive silks in favor of more practical gifts.
DET: DET sing-n
8 a WEAK STRONG or an WEAK STRONG
You use a or an when you are saying what someone is or what job they have.
I explained that I was an artist.
He was now a teacher and a respectable member of the community.
DET: DET sing-n
9 a WEAK STRONG or an WEAK STRONG
You use a or an in front of the names of people as a way of indicating that you do not know them or anything about them and you are saying their name for the first time.
The full address on a stick-on label was that of a Mrs P. R. Slater of Peterborough.
A Dr Matthew Owens was reported missing while on an expedition to north-eastern Turkey.
DET: DET n-proper
10 a WEAK STRONG or an WEAK STRONG
You use a or an in front of the names of people when you want to refer to someone else who has the same qualities or character as the person named.
When I listen to her play I can hear a new Nigel Kennedy.
DET: DET n-proper
11 a WEAK STRONG or an WEAK STRONG
You use a or an in front of a surname when you want to refer to someone who belongs to the family with that surname.
As far as I can recall, Patti was a Smith.
DET: DET n-proper
12 a WEAK STRONG or an WEAK STRONG
You use a or an in front of the names of artists to refer to one individual painting or sculpture created by them.
Most people have very little difficulty in seeing why a Van Gogh is a work of genius.
DET: DET n-proper
13 a WEAK STRONG or an WEAK STRONG
You use a or an instead of the number `one'', especially with words of measurement such as `hundred'', `hour'', and `metre'', and with fractions such as `half'', `quarter'', and `third''.
...more than a thousand acres of land.
...a quarter of an hour...
The skirts were shortened an inch or two.
DET: DET sing-n
14 a WEAK STRONG or an WEAK STRONG
You use a or an in expressions such as eight hours a day to express a rate or ratio.
Prices start at s13.95 a metre for printed cotton.
The helicopter can zip along at about 150 kilometres an hour.
DET: num DET sing-n
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.
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a - an
You use a and an when you are talking about a person or thing for the first time. A and an are called the indefinite article. You only use a and an with singular count nouns. The second time you refer to the same person or thing, you use the.
She picked up a book.
The book was lying on the table.
After weeks of looking we eventually bought a house.
The house was in a small village.
You can describe someone or something using a or an with an adjective and a noun, or with a noun and a qualifier.
His brother was a sensitive child.
He seemed a worried man.
The information was contained in an article on biology.
I chose a picture that reminded me of my own country.
Note that you do not omit a or an in front of a noun when the noun refers to someone''s profession or job. For example, you say `He is an architect''. You do not say `He is architect''.
He became a schoolteacher.
She is a model and an artist.
`a'' or `an''?
You use a in front of words beginning with consonant sounds and an in front of words beginning with vowel sounds.
Then I saw a big car parked nearby.
...an empty house.
You use an in front of words beginning with `h'' when the `h'' is not pronounced. For example, you say `an honest man''. You do not say `a honest man''.
...in less than an hour.
...an honest answer.
An is used in front of the following words beginning with `h'':
heir, heiress, heirloom, honest, honorary, honour, honourable, hour, hourly
You use a in front of words beginning with `u'' when the `u'' is pronounced (like `you''. For example, you say `a unique occasion''. You do not say `an unique occasion''.
He was a University of London law student.
They could elect a union member.
A is used in front of the following words:
ubiquitous, unanimous, unicorn, unification, uniform, uniformed, uniformity, unifying, unilateral, unilateralist, union, unique, unisex, unit, united, universal, universe, university, uranium, urinal, urinary, urine, usable, usage, use, used, useful, useless, user, usual, usually, usurper, utensil, uterus, utilitarian, utility, utopian
You use an in front of an abbreviation when the letters are pronounced separately and the first letter begins with a vowel sound.
Benn resigned from the Government, though remaining an MP.
There has been an SOS out for you for three days.
`a'' meaning `one''
A and an are used to mean `one'' in front of some numbers and units of measurement. See entries at Numbers and fractions and Measurements.
sunyuting1 发表于 >2004-5-29 1:25:07←
我喜欢千万法，我用压码和右脑给千万别学英语一个杠杆，撬起零基础到达自由王国；压码只有一个指标：通过滞后提高速度，速度就是质量,给它注入一个加速器，就会产生一个个奇迹.
[楼 主] | Posted:2004-12-22 20:12|
and
1 and WEAK STRONG
You use and to link two or more words, groups, or clauses.
When he returned, she and Simon had already gone.
Between 1914 and 1920 large parts of Albania were occupied by the Italians.
I''m going to write good jokes and become a good comedian.
I''m 53 and I''m very happy.
CONJ-COORD
2 and WEAK STRONG
You use and to link two words or phrases that are the same in order to emphasize the degree of something, or to suggest that something continues or increases over a period of time.
Learning becomes more and more difficult as we get older.
Day by day I am getting better and better.
We talked for hours and hours.
He lay down on the floor and cried and cried.
CONJ-COORD emphasis
3 and WEAK STRONG
You use and to link two statements about events when one of the events follows the other.
I waved goodbye and went down the stone harbour steps.
He asked for ice for his whiskey and proceeded to get drunk.
CONJ-COORD
= then
4 and WEAK STRONG
You use and to link two statements when the second statement continues the point that has been made in the first statement.
You could only really tell the effects of the disease in the long term, and five years wasn''t long enough.
The cure for bad teaching is good teachers, and good teachers cost money.
CONJ-COORD
5 and WEAK STRONG
You use and to link two clauses when the second clause is a result of the first clause.
All through yesterday crowds have been arriving and by midnight thousands of people packed the square.
CONJ-COORD
6 and WEAK STRONG
You use and to interrupt yourself in order to make a comment on what you are saying.
As Downing claims, and as we noted above, reading is best established when the child has an intimate knowledge of the language.
Finallymand I really ought to stop in a minutemI wish to make the following recommendations.
CONJ-COORD
7 and WEAK STRONG
You use and at the beginning of a sentence to introduce something else that you want to add to what you have just said. Some people think that starting a sentence with and is ungrammatical, but it is now quite common in both spoken and written English.
Commuter airlines fly to out-of-the-way places. And business travelers are the ones who go to those locations.
CONJ-COORD
8 and WEAK STRONG
You use and to introduce a question which follows logically from what someone has just said.
`He used to be so handsome.''n`And now?''.
`Well, of course, they haven''t won a football game.''n`And what would you expect?''.
CONJ-COORD
9 and WEAK STRONG
And is used by broadcasters and people making announcements to change a topic or to start talking about a topic they have just mentioned.
And now the drought in Sudan.
Football, and Aston Villa will reclaim their lead at the top of the English First Division.
CONJ-COORD
10 and WEAK STRONG
You use and to indicate that two numbers are to be added together.
What does two and two make?
CONJ-COORD
= plus
11 and WEAK STRONG
And is used before a fraction that comes after a whole number.
McCain spent five and a half years in a prisoner of war camp in Vietnam.
...fourteen and a quarter per cent.
CONJ-COORD
12 and WEAK STRONG
You use and in numbers larger than one hundred, after the words `hundred'' or `thousand'' and before other numbers.
We printed two hundred and fifty invitations.
...three thousand and twenty-six pounds.
CONJ-COORD
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.
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T
and
conjunction
also, along with, as well as, furthermore, in addition to, including, moreover, plus, together with
(c) HarperCollins Publishers.
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U
and
And can be used to link noun groups, adjectives, adverbs, verbs, or clauses.
linking noun groups
When you are talking about two things or people, you put and between two noun groups.
I''ll give you a nice cup of tea and a ginger biscuit.
...a friendship between a boy and a girl.
When you are linking more than two noun groups, you usually only put and in front of the last one.
The small canoes were taking such things as dried indigo, cotton, beeswax, and hides to the big canoes.
The local authorities list the extra houses, roads, parks and old people''s homes that will have to be provided.
linking adjectives
You put and between two adjectives when they come after verbs such as `be'', `seem'', and `feel''.
The room was large and square.
The bed felt cold and hard.
When there are more than two adjectives after one of these verbs, you usually only put and in front of the last one.
We felt hot, tired, and thirsty.
The child is generally outgoing, happy and busy.
When you use two or more adjectives in front of a noun, you do not usually put and between them.
...a beautiful pink suit.
...rapid technological advance.
However, if the adjectives are colour adjectives, you must use and.
...a black and white swimming suit.
Similarly, if you are using adjectives which classify a noun in a similar way, you use and.
...a social and educational dilemma.
You also use and when you put adjectives in front of a plural noun in order to talk about groups of things which have different or opposite qualities.
Both large and small firms deal with each other regularly.
...European and American traditions.
WARNING
You do not use and to link adjectives when you want them to contrast with each other. For example, you do not say `He was fat and agile''. You say `He was fat but agile''.
We are poor but happy.
...a small but comfortable hotel.
linking adverbs
You can use and to link adverbs.
Mary was breathing quietly and evenly.
They walk up and down, smiling.
linking verbs
You use and to link verbs when you are talking about actions performed by the same person, thing, or group.
I shouted and hooted at them.
They just sat and chatted.
If you want to say that someone does something repeatedly or for a long time, you can use and after a verb, and then repeat the verb.
They laughed and laughed.
Isaacs didn''t give up. He tried and tried.
In conversation, you can sometimes use and after `try'' or `wait'' instead of using a `to''-infinitive clause. For example, instead of saying `I''ll try to get a newspaper'', you say `I''ll try and get a newspaper''. Note that in sentences like these you are describing one action, not two.
I''ll try and answer the question.
I prefer to wait and see how things go.
WARNING
You only use and like this when you are using the future tense of `try'' or `wait'', or when you are using the infinitive or imperative form.
If you go and do something or come and do something, you move from one place to another in order to do it.
I''ll go and see him in the morning.
She would come and hold his hand.
In conversation, if you say that someone has gone and done something, you are expressing annoyance at something foolish that they have done.
That idiot Antonio has gone and locked our door.
linking clauses
And is often used to link clauses.
I came here in 1972 and I have lived here ever since.
When you are giving advice or a warning, you can use and to say what will happen if something is done. For example, instead of saying `If you go by train, you''ll get there quicker'', you can say `Go by train and you''ll get there quicker''.
Do as you''re told and you''ll be all right.
You put me out here and you''ll lose your job tomorrow.
You do not normally put and at the beginning of a sentence, but you can sometimes do so when you are writing down what someone said, or writing in a conversational style.
Send him ahead to warn Eric. And close that door.
I didn''t mean to scare you. And I''m sorry I''m late.
omitting repeated words
When you are linking verb groups which would contain the same auxiliary, you do not need to repeat the auxiliary.
Having washed and changed, Scylla went out on to the verandah.
Similarly, when you are linking nouns which would have the same adjective, preposition, or determiner in front of them, you do not need to repeat the adjective, preposition, or determiner.
...the young men and women of England.
My mother and father worked hard.
`both'' for emphasis
When you link two word groups using and, you can emphasize that what you are saying applies to both word groups by putting both in front of the first word group. See entry at both.
negative sentences
You do not normally use and to link groups of words in negative sentences. For example, you do not say `She never reads and listens to stories''. You say `She never reads or listens to stories''.
He was not exciting or good looking.
See entry at or.
However, you use and when you are talking about the possibility of two actions occurring at the same time. For example, you say `I can''t think and talk at the same time''. You also use and if two noun groups occur so frequently together that they are regarded as a single item. For example, `knife'' and `fork'' are always joined by and even in negative sentences such as `I haven''t got my knife and fork''.
Unions haven''t taken health and safety as seriously as they might have done.
When two noun groups are regarded as a single item like this, they almost always occur in a fixed order. For example, you talk about your knife and fork, not your `fork and knife''. For a list of pairs of words of this kind, see entry at Fixed pairs.
sunyuting1 发表于 >2004-5-29 1:27:18←
我喜欢千万法，我用压码和右脑给千万别学英语一个杠杆，撬起零基础到达自由王国；压码只有一个指标：通过滞后提高速度，速度就是质量,给它注入一个加速器，就会产生一个个奇迹.
[楼 主] | Posted:2004-12-22 20:09|
