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诺华在中国设立研发中心网罗人才

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Novartis to Establish Drug R&D Center in China

SHANGHAI -- Novartis AG plans to announce today that it will build a pharmaceutical research-and-development center in China, as the global drug industry strives to harness the country's talent pool to replenish its product pipeline at lower cost, while also hoping to tap the Chinese market.

The Swiss drug giant will invest about $100 million, the same amount that AstraZeneca PLC of Britain announced in May it would invest in R&D in China.

The pharmaceuticals division of Novartis spent $3.97 billion on R&D last year. While that dwarfs the size of the company's coming China investment, the planned center -- which Novartis says will involve at least 400 scientists -- shows one way the industry is responding to a pair of long-term problems: Blockbuster products are going off patent; and the cost of developing drugs is soaring.

The investment also signals China's transformation from the world's factory floor to a venue for projects higher up the value chain, including sophisticated laboratory services. The R&D facility will help position China as an emerging competitor to India, long the most-popular destination for outsourcing chemistry research and drug development. "China is going to be the next India," says Rachel Lee, a senior manager at Boston Consulting Group in Shanghai.

Estimates of the cost to develop and market a new drug run as high as $1.2 billion, much of which goes to the costly process of slowly sifting through thousands of compounds in hopes of finding one that works against the disease being targeted. In the U.S., for instance, the overall cost of a chemist to do drug development work can be around $250,000 a year. In China, chemists with similar educational backgrounds sometimes cost as little as $25,000 a year.

So a host of multinational pharmaceutical companies have begun outsourcing drug research to China. The largest laboratory that a major multinational operates in China -- run by Roche Holding AG -- has about 60 scientists. Roche's lab, which opened in 2004 with an emphasis on designing compounds for cancer, pays scientists up to about 200,000 yuan ($25,400) a year.

If Chinese chemists are cheaper to hire, some industry analysts note that these researchers need training to work for global companies. Roche has been sending project leaders to its research centers in Switzerland and California to work alongside other scientists.

"Psychologically, [the Chinese researchers] are the best people in China. They are the best guys from the universities when they came up," Chen Li, chief scientific officer at Roche's Shanghai laboratory, said recently. "The challenge for them is to see the global standard," Dr. Chen said.

Building research centers in China not only lowers costs, but also helps foreign companies establish relationships with Chinese physicians and government officials -- which can be pivotal when drug makers try to launch products and seek regulatory approval.

Novartis says its researchers will begin work in a temporary facility in May while construction of its 38,000-square-meter center is slated to begin in July.

Multinational drug companies are out to capture a slice of China's booming pharmaceutical market, which grew 20% to $11.7 billion last year, the third consecutive year of 20% growth or higher, according to IMS Health, a drug marketing-research firm in Fairfield, Conn. China will become the world's seventh-largest pharmaceutical market by 2009, according to IMS.

"The whole biotech pharmaceutical effort here could become the world's leading research effort within a decade," says Mark C. Fishman, president of the Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research. "The reason we came here is primarily for talent," Dr. Fishman adds, playing down the cost savings from lower Chinese salaries.
诺华在中国设立研发中心网罗人才

诺华制药公司(Novartis AG)计划于周一宣布,它将在中国设立一个研究发展中心。目前全球医药企业竞相利用中国的人才资源,以较低的成本补充其产品储备,同时进军中国医药市场。

这家瑞士医药巨头将为这个研发中心投资约1亿美元。今年5月,总部设在英国的阿斯利康(AstraZeneca PLC)宣布将在中国投资建立研发中心,其投资金额与诺华制药相同。

去年诺华医药品业务在研发方面的支出为39.7亿美元。尽管这个金额使其将在中国的投资规模相形见绌,但是这个计划兴建的研发中心体现了医药行业解决长期以来面临的两个严重问题──很多备受欢迎的产品即将失去专利保护,研究新药的成本却在不断飙升──的一个途径。诺华称,这个研发中心将有至少400名科研人员参与其中。

这笔投资也体现了中国从全球的工厂基地逐渐转变为复杂的实验室服务等价值链高端项目的聚集地。这些研发设施将有助于中国成为印度的新兴竞争者,印度长期以来都被看作是化学工厂及药物研发最受欢迎的外包目的地。

波士顿咨询公司(Boston Consulting Group)驻上海的高级经理Rachel Lee说:“中国将成为下一个印度。制药公司将在接下来的10年纷纷把目光投向中国。”

研发一种新药物以及对其进行市场宣传的成本约高达12亿美元,其中多数资金都用在从上千个化合物中筛选出能够对抗目标疾病的那个化合物,这个过程进展十分缓慢且成本高昂。比如,在美国,一位药剂师研发药物全部工作成本约为每年25万美元。在中国,拥有类似教育背景的药剂师的研发成本有时仅为每年2.5万美元。

因此,很多跨国药物公司开始将药物研发工作外包至中国。目前跨国公司罗氏公司(Roche Holding AG)在中国运营的一家最大的实验室有大约60名科研人员。罗氏的实验室于2004年设立,重点研发治疗癌症的药物。它支付给研发人员的薪金高达每年人民币20万元(合25,400美元)。

虽然中国药剂师的雇佣成本较低,但一些行业分析人士认为他们需要在如何为跨国公司工作方面接受培训。罗氏已经将数位中国实验室的项目负责人送往位于瑞士以及加利福尼亚的实验室,让他们与其他科研人员一同工作。它还设立一些基于工作表现的奖项,奖品包括交通优惠券等,有一次还奖励工作人员一双登山鞋。

“从心理角度来看,(中国研究人员)是中国最优秀的人才。他们是各个大学最棒的学生,”罗氏上海实验室的科研总监陈力最近表示。“他们面临的挑战是如何向全球标准看齐。”

在中国设立研发中心不仅可以降低成本,还有助于外国公司与中国医师以及政府官员建立关系。当这些制药企业要在中国推出新产品并需获得监管部门的批准时,这些政府官员可能会发挥关键作用。

跨国制药企业显然要从中国快速发展的国内医药市场分得一杯羹。据总部设在康涅狄格州费尔菲尔德的药物市场调查公司IMS Health的数据,中国医药市场去年增长20%,至117亿美元,这已经是其增长率连续第三年达到20%以上了。 中国将在2009年以前成为全球第七大医药品市场。

“这里的所有生化医药研发工作将在10年内达到世界同行业的领先水平,”诺华制药生物医药研究所(Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research)负责人马克?菲什曼(Mark C. Fishman)说。“我们在这里设立研发中心主要是为了网罗人才。”他没有强调中国雇员薪酬水平较低可以节省成本,并表示他们的薪酬水平最终将赶上外国同事。

诺华在上海的新实验室将成为其现有全球研发业务的一部分。目前诺华已在全球各地设有七个研发中心,共有7,000名研发人员。波士顿咨询公司的Rachel Lee表示,诺华计划在中国聘用科研人员的数量相对其全球科研人员来看相对较少,但是在中国来看已经很多了。

诺华称,研究人员将于明年5月开始在一个临时设施内办公,之后将迁入一个38,000平方米的永久办公地点。这个办公设施预计将于明年7月开工。诺华新实验室将在上海浦东新区的研发中心聚集地兴建。该地区发展迅速,不到10年前这些实验室的所在地曾是片片农田。另外,学院气氛在这里蔓延,由于供应有限,十几个实验室虽相互竞争但偶尔会互借化学试剂。

尽管诺华及罗氏等外国医药品公司在中国兴建了自己的实验室,其他外国公司将其化学业务外包给中国公司,这种做法既可以用较低的薪金雇佣中国研发人员,还可以把管理海外业务的诸多麻烦降至最低。为了满足这种需求,一批中国公司应运而生。

上海睿智化学研究有限公司(Shanghai ChemPartner Co.)就是其中的一家。在过去的四年中,该公司及其姐妹公司一道发展成了拥有600多名研究人员以及几乎包括所有大型医药公司等数十家客户的企业。

“费用高得离谱,”上海睿智化学研究的副总裁张永亮谈到研发新药的成本时说,“他们再也无法承担了……但是在中国,你花一小部分资金就可以在多数领域实践同样的工作。”

上海睿智化学研究等公司能够繁荣发展的原因之一是他们消除了依旧困扰一些国际医药公司的担忧:他们能否信任中国科研人员不会泄漏其商业机密?

为了赢得这方面的信任,上海睿智化学研究专门设计一套系统:它的药剂师使用的电脑没有硬盘、CD刻录机、USB接口,甚至无法登录gmail等电子邮件网站。这一切努力是为了让它的客户确信他们的敏感文件不会被复制或者出售。

Nicholas Zamiska
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