Laozi老子
Full name姓名 Laozi (Lao Tzu, Lao Tse, Laotze, Lao Zi)老子（老子，老子， Laotze ，老子）
School/tradition学校/传统 Taoism 道教
Notable ideas值得注意的想法 Wu wei 吴炜
Laozi ( Chinese : 老 子 ; pinyin : Lǎozǐ; Wade-Giles : Laosi ; also Lao Tse , Lao-Tzu , Laotze , Lao Zi , Laocius , and other variations) was a philosopher of ancient China and is a central figure in Taoism (also spelled "Daoism"). Laozi literally means "Old Master" and is generally considered an honorific. 老子 （ 中国 ： 老子 ; 拼音 ： Lǎozǐ ; 韦德-吉尔斯 ： Laosi ;还老子 ， 老子 ， Laotze ， 老子 ， Laocius ，和其他变化）是一个哲学家的古老 中国 ，是一个中心人物道教 （还阐述“道教” ） 。 老子字面上的意思是“老夫子” ，并普遍认为是一种荣誉。 Laozi is revered as a god in religious forms of Taoism. Taishang Laojun is a title for Laozi in the Taoist religion, which refers to him as "One of the Three Pure Ones ".老子是尊崇作为上帝的宗教形式的道教。 台商老君是一个标题为老子在道教宗教，这是指他为“一个三纯一 ” 。
According to Chinese tradition, Laozi lived in the 6th century BC.根据中国传统，老子生活在公元前6世纪。
Historians variously contend that Laozi is a synthesis of multiple historical figures, that he is a mythical figure, or that he actually lived in the 4th century BC, concurrent with the Hundred Schools of Thought and Warring States Period . [ 1 ](should be Spring and Autumn Period) A central figure in Chinese culture , both nobility and common people claim Laozi in their lineage. Zhuangzi , widely considered the intellectual and spiritual successor of Laozi, had a notable impact on Chinese literature, culture and spirituality.历史学家认为，不同老子是合成多个历史人物，他是一个神话般的人物，或者说，他实际上生活在公元前4世纪，并行与百家争鸣的战国时代 。 [ 1 ]的中心人物中华文化 ，这两个贵族和普通百姓索赔老子的血统。 庄子 ，普遍认为，智力和精神继承老子，有显着影响的华文文学，文化和精神。
Throughout history, Laozi's work was embraced by various anti-authoritarian movements.纵观历史，老子的工作是接受各种反独裁运动。
Contents目录
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1 History 1 历史
2 Names 2 名
3 Daodejing 3 Daodejing
4 Daoism 4 道教
5 Yinxi 5 银
6 Influence 6 影响
7 Footnotes 7 注
8 References 8 参考
History 历史
Taoism道教
Fundamentals基本面
Dao (Tao) · De (Te) · Wuji · Taiji · 道（道 ） 德（德 ） 无极 太极
Yin-Yang · Wu xing · Qi · Neidan · 阴阳 五行 齐 Neidan
Wu wei 吴炜
Texts文本
Laozi (Tao Te Ching) · 老子（道德经 ）
Zhuangzi · Liezi · Daozang 庄子 列子 Daozang
Deities神
Three Pure Ones · Yu Huang · 三个纯一 谷呼盎
Guan Shengdi · Eight Immortals · 关弟 八仙
Yellow Emperor · Xiwangmu · 黄帝 Xiwangmu
Jade Emperor · Chang'e · 玉皇嫦娥
Other deities 其他神
People 人们
Laozi · Zhuangzi · 老子 庄子
Zhang Daoling · Zhang Jiao · 张Daoling 章机傲
Ge Hong · Chen Tuan 葛红 陈突埯
Schools学校
Tianshi Dao · 天师道
Shangqing · Lingbao · 上清 灵宝
Quanzhen Dao · Zhengyi Dao · 全真教道 正义道
Wuliupai Wuliupai
Sacred sites圣地
Grotto-heavens 石窟，天
Mount Penglai 蓬莱山
Taoism Portal 道教门户
Laozi is traditionally regarded as the author of the Daodejing (Tao Te Ching), though its authorship has been debated throughout history. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]老子是历来被视为作者的Daodejing （陶特青） ，但其作者已辩论整个历史。 [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
The earliest reliable reference (circa 100 BC) to Laozi is found in the Records of the Grand Historian ( Shiji ) by Chinese historian Sima Qian (ca. 145–86 BC), which combines three stories.最早的可靠参考（大约100年） ，以老子被发现在该史记 （ 世纪 ）的中国史学家司马迁 （约公元前145-86 ） ，它结合了三个故事。
In the first, Laozi was said to be a contemporary of Confucius (551-479 BC).第一，老子被说成是当代的孔子 （公元前551-479 ） 。
His surname was Li ( 李 "plum"), and his personal name was Er ( 耳 "ear") or Dan ( 聃 "long ear").他的姓是李（ 李 “梅花” ） ，以及他个人的名字是呃（ 耳 “耳朵” ）或丹（ 聃 “长耳朵” ） 。
He was an official in the imperial archives, and wrote a book in two parts before departing to the West.他是一个正式的帝国档案，并写了一本书分为两部分离开之前向西方。
In the second, Laozi was Lao Laizi ( 老來子 "Old Master"), also a contemporary of Confucius, who wrote a book in 15 parts.第二，老子是老挝Laizi （ 老来子 “老夫子” ） ，也有当代的孔子，谁写了一本书在15个部分。
In the third, Laozi was the Grand Historian and astrologer Lao Dan ( 老聃 "Old Long-ears"), who lived during the reign (384-362 BC) of Duke Xian (獻公) of Qin) . [ 5 ] [ 6 ]第三，老子是史记和占星家老挝丹（ 老聃 “老长耳朵” ） ，谁住时期（ 384-362年）的杜克大学西安（献公）的秦） 。 [ 5 ] [ 6 ]
Popular legends say that he was conceived (怀孕)when his mother gazed upon a falling star, stayed in the womb for sixty-two years, and was born when his mother leaned against a plum tree.热门传说说，他的构想时，他的母亲凝视一个陨星，停留在腹中的六二年，以及出生时，他的母亲靠在梅树。
He accordingly emerged a grown man with a full grey beard and long earlobes, which are a symbol of wisdom and long life. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] In other versions he was reborn in some thirteen incarnations since the days of Fuxi ; in his last incarnation as Laozi he lived to nine hundred and ninety years, and traveled to India to reveal the Dao. [ 9 ]因此，他出现了增长男子全灰色的胡须和长期耳垂，这是智慧的象征，使用寿命长。 [ 7 ] [ 8 ]在其他版本，他在一些重生的化身，因为13天的伏羲 ;在他的上化身为老子他住到九百九十零年，并前往印度透露道。 [ 9 ]
According to popular traditional biographies, he worked as the Keeper of the Archives for the royal court of Zhou .根据流行的传统的传记，他担任门将档案的皇家法院周 。
This reportedly allowed him broad access to the works of the Yellow Emperor and other classics of the time.据说这使他广泛地获取工作的黄帝和其他经典的时间。
The stories[ assert] that Laozi never opened a formal school, but he nonetheless attracted a large number of students and loyal disciples.故事[说]，老子从来没有开设了正规的学校，但他仍然吸引了大批学生和忠实的门徒。
There are numerous variations of a story depicting Confucius consulting Laozi about rituals. [ 10 ] [ 11 ]有许多变化的一个故事描绘孔子咨询老子约仪式。 [ 10 ] [ 11 ]
According to legends, Laozi leaves China on his water buffalo . [ 12 ]据传说，老子离开中国，他水牛 。 [ 12 ]
Many of the popular accounts say that Laozi married and had a son named Zong, who became a celebrated soldier.许多受欢迎的帐户说，老子结婚并生了一个儿子命名为宗，谁成为庆祝士兵。
A large number of people trace their lineage back to Laozi, as the emperors of the Tang Dynasty did.许多人追查其谱系回到老子，作为皇帝的唐代没有。
According to Simpkins & Simpkins, many (if not all) of the lineages may be inaccurate.据辛普金斯＆辛普金斯，许多（如果不是全部的话）的谱系可能不准确。
However, they are a testament to the impact of Laozi on Chinese culture. [ 13 ]然而，他们证明了老子的影响，对中华文化。 [ 13 ]
Traditional accounts state that Laozi grew weary of the moral decay of city life and noted the kingdom's decline.传统的账户状态老子增长厌倦道德败坏城市生活，并指出国的下降。
According to these legends, he ventured west to live as a hermit in the unsettled frontier at the age of 160.根据这些传说，他大胆西作为一个生活在不稳定的隐士前沿的年龄为160 。 At the western gate of the city, or kingdom, he was recognized by a guard.在西区门的城市，或英国，他是公认的一名警卫。 The sentry asked the old master to produce a record of his wisdom.该哨兵问老师傅制作的记录他的智慧。 This is the legendary origin of the Daodejing .这是****起源Daodejing 。 In some versions of the tale, the sentry is so touched by the work that he leaves with Laozi to never be seen again.在某些版本的故事，是如此的哨兵所感动，他的工作与老子留下来永远不会再次出现。 Some legends elaborate further that the "Old Master" was the teacher of the Buddha , or the Buddha himself. [ 14 ] [ 15 ]有些传说进一步阐述说， “老夫子”是教师的佛像 ，或佛本人。 [ 14 ] [ 15 ]
By the mid-twentieth century, a consensus had emerged among scholars that the historicity of Laozi was doubtful or unprovable and that the Daodejing was "a compilation of Taoist sayings by many hands originating in the 4th century BC." [ 16 ] Alan Watts (1975) held that this view was part of an academic fashion for skepticism about historical spiritual and religious figures, arguing that not enough would be known for years, or possibly ever, to make a firm judgment. [ 17 ]到二十世纪中叶，已经出现一致意见，学者之间的历史性老子是怀疑或unprovable而且Daodejing是“汇编道教说法，许多双手原产于公元前4世纪。 ” [ 16 ] 阿兰瓦 （ 1975年）认为，这种看法是一个学术时尚的怀疑精神的历史和宗教人士，认为没有足够的将称为多年，或可能以往任何时候都作出坚定的判断。 [ 17 ]
Names 名称
Laozi is an honorific title. Lao means "venerable" or "old". Zi , or tzu , means "master". 老子是一种尊称。 老挝的意思是“可敬的”或“旧” 。 訾 ，或字 ，意思是“师父” 。 Zi was used in ancient China like a social prefix, indicating "Master", or "Sir".自是我国古代用于像一个社会前缀，表示“师父” ，或“先生” 。 In popular biographies, Laozi's given name was Er, his surname was Li (forming Li Er, 李 耳 ) and his courtesy name was Boyang.在流行的传记，老子的名字是呃，他的姓是李（形成栗儿， 李耳 ）和他的礼貌名称是鄱阳湖。 Dan is a posthumous name given to Laozi, and he is sometimes referred to as Li Dan ( 李 聃 ). [ 18 ] [ 19 ] [ 20 ]丹是一个谥给老子，他有时被称为黎耷嗯（ 李 聃 ） 。 [ 18 ] [ 19 ] [ 20 ]
During the Tang Dynasty , he was honoured as an ancestor of the dynasty after Daoists drew a connection between the dynasty's family name of Li and Laozi's bearing of the same name.在唐代 ，他很荣幸作为祖先的时期后，道家提请之间的联系王朝的姓氏李和老子的轴承同名。 He was granted the title Taishang xuanyuan huangdi , meaning "Supreme Mysterious and Primordial Emperor". Xuanyuan and Huangdi are also, respectively, the personal and proper names of the Yellow Emperor . [ 21 ] [ 22 ] [ 23 ]他被授予该称号台商轩辕黄帝 ，意思是“神秘的原始大皇帝” 。 轩辕和黄帝还分别在个人和适当的名称， 黄帝 。 [ 21 ] [ 22 ] [ 23 ]
[ edit ] Daodejing [ 编辑 ] Daodejing
See also: Tao Te Ching , Tao , and Wu wei另见： 陶特青 ， 道 ，和吴炜
Laozi's magnum opus , the Daodejing , is one of the most significant treatises in Chinese cosmogony .老子的大作品 ，在Daodejing ，是其中一项最重要的论文中宇宙 。
{As with most other ancient Chinese philosophers, Laozi often explains his ideas by way of paradox, analogy, appropriation of ancient sayings, repetition, symmetry, rhyme, and rhythm.与大多数其他古代哲学家老子往往解释他的想法矛盾的方式，类比，拨款古老谚语，重复，对称，押韵，和节奏。}
The Daodejing , often called simply the Laozi after its reputed author, describes the Dao (or Tao) as the mystical source and ideal of all existence: it is unseen, but not transcendent, immensely powerful yet supremely humble, being the root of all things.该Daodejing ，通常被称为只是老子知名作家后，介绍了道（或道） ，作为神秘的来源和理想的所有存在：它是看不见的，但不能超越，功能强大，超级巨大的谦卑，是一切事物的根源。
According to the Daodejing , humans have no special place within the Dao, being just one of its many ("ten thousand") manifestations.据Daodejing ，人类没有任何特殊的地方内的道，只是其中的许多（ “一万” ）的表现。 People have desires and free will (and thus are able to alter their own nature).人的欲望和自由意志（从而能够改变自己的性质） 。
Many act "unnaturally", upsetting the natural balance of the Dao.许多法“人为地” ，破坏了自然平衡的道。
The Daodejing intends to lead students to a "return" to their natural state, in harmony with Dao. [ 24 ] Language and conventional wisdom are critically assessed. Daodejing打算在引导学生以“重返”的自然状态，在和谐与道。 [ 24 ]语言和传统观念的批判性评估。
Taoism views them as inherently biased and artificial, widely using paradoxes to sharpen the point. [ 25 ]道教意见他们固有的偏见和人为的，广泛使用的矛盾，以尖锐的问题。 [ 25 ]
