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悉曇梵文網' Siddham-sanskrit.com!梵文资料

级别: 管理员
只看该作者 160 发表于: 2011-03-01


地藏菩薩
级别: 管理员
只看该作者 161 发表于: 2011-03-01


级别: 管理员
只看该作者 162 发表于: 2011-03-01
级别: 管理员
只看该作者 163 发表于: 2011-03-01
级别: 管理员
只看该作者 164 发表于: 2011-03-01


级别: 管理员
只看该作者 165 发表于: 2011-03-01
级别: 管理员
只看该作者 166 发表于: 2011-03-01
Sandhi rules



Sandhi rules 是梵文的規則,不是梵文文法。雖然不是梵文文法,但是凡研究梵文的人,一定要懂得Sandhi rules。密咒是梵文無疑,所以翻譯密咒也一定要參考Sandhi rules。



以下為筆者在網路上抄錄的資料,經過整理,呈獻給讀者們。

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        -`

                如果 ` 出現在一段句子或詩句的最後一個字,` 保持不變。

                例如:atra vasati b2la`.  (The boy dwells here. 那男孩在這裡住。)

                          b2la` 是這句子的最後一個字,` 又是這字的最後一個字母。所以 ` 保持不變。



                

                如果 ` 是在一個字的後面,但是在子音  k,kh,p,ph,0,=,s之前, ` 是保持不變。

                例如:atra b2la` k4=ati.   (The boy plows here. 那男孩在這裡耕田。)

                          b2la` 的 ` 是這字b2la` 的最後一個字母,之後是 k ,所以 ` 保持不變。



有些字如 ‘puna`’ (again 再一次),它的原來字是 ‘punar’。

如果 ‘punar’ 是在k,kh,p,ph,0,=,s之前, ‘punar’ 要變成 ‘puna`’。

例如:g4ha3 puna` patati.  ( The house falls again. 那馬再一次跌倒了。)

                                 ‘punar’ 是在 p 之前,所以‘punar’ 要變成 ‘puna`’。



                        如果 ‘punar’ 是在其他字母之前, ‘punar’ 要保持不變。

                        例如:punar buddha3 p4cchati.  ( He asks Buddha again. 他再一次問佛。)

‘punar’ 是在 b 之前,所以‘punar’ 要保持不變,因為 b 不在(k,kh,p,ph,0,=,s)之中。

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        (任何母音)-`

                

如果 ` 在任何母音(a,2,i,1,u,9,4,e,ai,o,au)之後,但是在 c , ch  之前,

` 要變成 0

                例如:deva` ca --> deva0ca  (and the god. 和那個上帝。)

                           ` 是在 va 的 a 之後,但 ` 是在 ca 的 c 之前,所以deva` ca要變成deva0ca

                例如:agni` ca --> agni0ca   (and the fire. 和那火。)

                           ` 是在 ni 的 i 之後,但 ` 是在 ca 的 c 之前,所以agni` ca要變成agni0ca



如果 ` 在任何母音(a,2,i,1,u,9,4,e,ai,o,au)之後,但是在 t,th,6,6h  之前,

                ` 要變成 s

                例如:n4pati` tatra --> n4patistatra (The king is there. 那國王在那裡。)

                          ` 是在 ti 的 i 之後,但 ` 是在 ta 的 t 之前,所以n4pati` tatra要變成n4patistatra

                例如:0at ru` ti=6hati atra --> 0at rusti=6hatyatra (The enemy stands here. 那敵人站在這裡。)

                          ` 是在 ru 的 u 之後,但 ` 是在 ti 的 t 之前,所以ru` ti=6ha要變成rusti=6ha



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        (a,2 之外的母音)-`



                a,2 之外的母音就是 (i,1,u,9,4,e,ai,o,au)。



如果 ` 在(i,1,u,9,4,e,ai,o,au)之後,但在  (g,gh,j,jh,7,7h,d,dh,b,bh,m,n,5,#,{,h,y,l,v  ;  a,2,i,1,u,9,4,e,ai,o,au,) 之前,` 要變成 r

                例如:agni` atra --> agniratra  (The fire is here. 那火在這裡。)

                          ` 是在 ni 的 i 之後,但 ` 是在 a  之前,所以agni` atra要變成agniratra

                例如:agni` dahati --> agnirdahati  (The fire burns. 那火燒毀謀些東西。)

                          ` 是在 ni 的 i 之後,但 ` 是在 d  之前,所以agni` dahati要變成agnirdahati



如果 ` 在(i,1,u,9,4,e,ai,o,au)之後,但在 r 之前, ` 要消失。之前的母音如是短音(i,u)要變成長音 (1,9)。

例如:kavibhi` r2ma` gacchati --> kavibh1 r2mo gacchati. (Rama goes with the poets.)

                                                                                                                                 (Rama 和那些詩人一同走。)



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        -a`

如果 a` 在一個字之後, 但在 (g,gh,j,jh,7,7h,d,dh,b,bh,m,n,5,#,{,h,y,l,v,r  } 之前, a` 要變成 o

例如:nara` gacchati --> naro gacchati (The man goes. 那人走了。)

          a` 是在nara`之後,但在ga之前,所以 nara` gacchati 要變成 naro gacchati

                

如果 a` 在一個字之後, 但在 a之前, a` 要變成 o, a 也要消失變成只有 ‘

例如:putra` atra --> putro ‘tra  (The son is here. 那男孩在這裡。)

         a` 是在putra` 之後,但在atra之前,所以putra` atra 要變成 putro ‘tra



如果 a` 在一個字之後, 但在 (2,i,1,u,9,4,e,ai,o,au)之前, a` 要變成 a

例如:nara` 2gacchati --> nara 2gacchati(The man comes. 那人來了。)

         a` 是在nara` 之後,但在2ga之前,所以nara` 2gacchati 要變成 nara 2gacchati



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     -2`

如果 2` 在一個字之後, 但在 (g,gh,j,jh,7,7h,d,dh,b,bh,m,n,5,#,{,h,y,l,v; a,2,i,1,u,9,4,e,ai,o,au}   之前,  2` 要變成 2



例如:nar2` atra --> nar2 atra. (The men are here. 那些人們在這裡。)

                      2` 是在 nar2` 之後,但是在 atra  之前,所以nar2` atra要變成nar2 atra.



例如:nar2` gacchanti --> nar2 gacchanti. (The men go. 那些人們走了。 )

2` 是在 nar2` 之後,但是在 gac  之前,所以nar2` gacchanti要變成nar2 gacchanti.



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日本人的Sandhi rules 有些不同,其中 s 就和以上的 `  一樣。 所以梵和大辭典中的 namas就是 nama`.



Namas bhagavate --> Nama` bhagavate --> Namo bhagavate

                Namas samanta -->Nama` samanta  ----> Nama` samanta

                Namas 2rya -->Nama` 2rya --------> Nama 2rya



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     -m

如果 m 在一個字之後,但在子音 (k,kh,c,cha,6,6h,t,th,p,pha,r,0,=,s,h,g,gh,j,jh,7,7h,d,dh,b,bh,m,n,5,#,{,h,y,l,v  } 之前, m 要變成 3

例如:b2lam vadati --> b2la3 vadati(He says to the boy. 他說給那男孩聽。)



如果 m 在一個字之後,但在母音 (a,2,i,1,u,9,4,e,ai,o,au) 之前, m 保持不變並且和之後的母音連起來。

例如:b2lam adya vadati --> b2lamadya vadati

(He says to the boy now. 他現在說給那男孩聽。)



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a-a, i-i , u-u

                

                如果相同母音前後相接的話,不管是長是短,兩者要合成長母音。

比如  a-a,a-2,2-a,2-2 --> 2

i-i ,i-1 ,1-i ,1-1   --> 1

u-u,u-9,9-u,9-9 --> 9



                例如:atra adya  --> atr2dya (Now here. 現在這裡。)

                例如:s1d2mi iha -->  s1d2m1ha (I sit here. 我坐在這裡。)



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        a +  i --> e    例如:adya iha --> adyeha (Now here. 現在這裡。)

        a +  1 --> e

2 +  i --> e

2 +  1 --> e



    



        a + u --> o    例如:tath2 ukta` --> tathokta` (So said. 那麼悲傷。)

a + 9 --> o

        2 + u --> o

        2 + 9 --> o





        a + 4 --> ar         例如:tatra 4k=a` --> tatrark=a` (There is a bear. 那裡有隻熊。)

        a + } --> ar

        2 + 4 --> ar

        2 + } --> ar

        



        a + e --> ai        例如:adhun2 eva --> adhunaiva (Just now. 剛才。)

        2 + e --> ai





        a + o --> au       例如:atra o0adhi` --> atrau=adhi` (The medicine is here. 那藥在這裡。)

2 + o --> au      



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e,o

        如果e,o 在一個字之後,但是在 a 之前,  e,o 保持不變,而 a 要消失並變成 ’

        例如:vane atra --> vane ‘tra (Here is in the forest. 此處是在森林裡。)



        如果e,o 在一個字之後,但是在 (2,i,1,u,9,4,e,ai,o,au) 之前,e,o 要變成 a

        例如:vane iha --> vana iha  (Here is in the forest. 此處是在森林裡。 Atra = iha)



        但呼叫性質的句子如 he(哦,喔),re(哦,喔),不受以上的影響。

        例如:he agne.        (O, fire!   哦! 火呀!)



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i

如果  i  在一個字之後,但是在 (a,2,u,9,4,e,ai,o,au) 之前, i 要變成 y,並且和後面的(a,2,u,9,4,e,ai,o,au)合起來。

        例如:ti=6h2mi atra --> ti=6h2myatra. (I am staying here. 我現在住這裡。)





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u

如果  u  在一個字之後,但是在 (a,2,i,1,4,e,ai,o,au) 之前 u 要變成 v,並且和後面的(a,2,i,1,4,e,ai,o,au)合起來。

        例如:na tu iha --> na tviha (but not here. 但是不在這裡。)





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4

如果  4  在一個字之前,但是在 (a,2,i,1,u ,9,4,e,ai,o,au) 之後,4 要變成 r,並且和前面的(a,2,i,1,u ,9,4,e,ai,o,au)合起來。

例如:iti 4=i` --> itir=i`





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t

如果 t 在一個字之後,但是在 (a,2,i,1,u,9,4,e,ai,o,au) 之前, t 要變成 d,並且和(a,2,i,1,u,9,4,e,ai,o,au)合起來。

        例如:gr2m2t adya --> gr2m2dadya (now from the village)



如果 t 在一個字之後,但是在 (g,gh,7,7h,d,dh,b,bh,m,5,{,h,y,v}  之前, t 要變成 d,並且和(g,gh,7,7h,d,dh,b,bh,m,5,{,h,y,v} 合起來。

        例如:megh2t v2ri --> megh2dv2ri



如果 t 在一個字之後,但是在 (c,ch,j,jh,n,#,l)  之前, t 要變成和(c,ch,j,jh,n,#,l)相應的字,並且合起來。

        例如:megh2t ca --> megh2cca

        例如:lok2t jana` --> lok2jjana`

        例如:p2p2t loka` --> p2p2lloka`

        例如:g4h2t nara` --> g4h2nnara`



如果 t 在一個字之後,但是在 0  之前, t和0 要合起來並且變成cch。

        例如:n4p2t 0atru` --> n4p2cchatru`



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n

        如果 n 在一個字之後,但是在  j,0  之前, n要變成 #,並且和 j,0 合起來。

        例如:0atr9n jayati --> 0atr9#jayati

        例如:buddh2n 0a3s2mi --> buddh2#0a3s2mi



        如果 n 在一個字之後,但是在  l  之前, n要變成 3l,並且和 l合起來。

        例如:t2n lok2n --> t23llok2n



        如果 n 在一個字之後,但是在  c  之前, n要變成 30,並且和 c合起來。

        例如:t2n ca --> t230ca

        

        如果 n 在一個字之後,但是在  t  之前, n要變成 3s,並且和 t合起來。

例如:t2n tath2 --> t23stath2



如果 n 在一個字之後,但是在(a,2,i,1,u,9,4,e,ai,o,au) 之前, n要變成 nn,並且和(a,2,i,1,u,9,4,e,ai,o,au) 合起來。

例如:agacchan atra --> agacchannatra



级别: 管理员
只看该作者 167 发表于: 2011-03-01
母音語基變化

1.        a 語基男性 Masculine變化表



Samaya (男性 Masculine名詞) 三昧耶

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      Samaya-s                      Samay2s              

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          Samaya                         Samay2s

業格 Accusative (Object)                        Samaya-m                     Samay2n

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  Samayena                     Samay2is

為格 Dative (to, for)                                Sam2ya                         Samayebhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               Samay2t                        Samayebhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   Samayasya                   Samay2n2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                Samaye                         Samaye=u



2.        a 語基中性 Neuter變化表



Citta (中性 Neuter名詞) 心

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      Citta-m                           Citt2ni            

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          Citta                                Citt2ni

業格 Accusative (Object)                        Citta-m                           Citt2ni

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  Cittena                           Citt2is

為格 Dative (to, for)                                Citt2ya                            Cittebhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               Citt2t                               Cittebhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   Cittasya                          Citt2n2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                Citte                                Citte=u





3.        2語基女性 Femiline變化表



P9j2 (女性 Femiline名詞) 供養

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      P9j2                                P9j2s              

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          P9je                                P9j2s

業格 Accusative (Object)                        P9j2-m                           P9j2s

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  P9jay2                            P9j2-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                P9j2y2i                           P9j2-bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               P9j2y2s                          P9j2-bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   P9j2y2s                          P9j2-n2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                P9j2y2m                        P9j2-su



4.        ‘i’ 語基男性 Masculine變化表



P2ni (男性 Masculine名詞) 手

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      P2ni-s                             P2nayas                

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          P2ne                               P2nayas        

業格 Accusative (Object)                        P2ni-m                           P2n1n

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  P2ni-n2                          P2ni-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                P2naye                          P2ni-bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               P2nes                             P2ni-bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   P2nes                             P2n1-n2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                P2n2u                            P2ni-=u





5.        ‘i’ 語基女性 Femiline變化表



G1ti (女性 Femiline名詞) 歌

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      G1ti-s                               G1tayas          

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          G1te                                 G1tayas  

業格 Accusative (Object)                        G1ti-m                              G1t1s

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  G1ty-2                              G1ti-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                G1taye,G1ty-2i                G1ti-bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               G1tes,G1ty-2s                 G1ti-bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   G1tes,G1ty-2s                 G1t1-n2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                G1t2u,g1ty2m                  G1ti-=u





6.        ‘1’ 語基女性 Femiline變化表



S9c1 (女性 Femiline名詞) 針

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      S9c1                                S9cy-as  

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          S9ci                                S9cy-as  

業格 Accusative (Object)                        S9c1-m                            S9c1-s

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  S9cy-2                            S9c1-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                S9cy-2i                           S9c1-bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               S9cy-2s                          S9c1-bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   S9cy-2s                          S9c1-n2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                S9cy-2m                        S9c1-su



7.        一棳音 ‘1’ 語基女性 Femiline變化表



_r1 (女性 Femiline名詞) 吉祥

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      _r1-s                                _riy-as    

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          _r1-s                                _riy-as    

業格 Accusative (Object)                        _riy-am                          _riy-as

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  _riy-2                              _r1-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                _riy-e, _riy-2i                _r1-bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               _riy-as, _riy-2s             _r1-bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   _riy-as, _riy-2s             _r1-5am

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                _riy-i, _riy-2m               _r1-=u





8.        u語基男性 Masculine變化表



Hetu (男性 Masculine名詞) 原因

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      Hetu-s                            Hetavas

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          Heto                                Hetavas

業格 Accusative (Object)                        Hetu-m                           Het9n

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  Hetu-n2                          Hetu-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                Hetave                           Hetu-bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               Hetos                              Hetu-bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   Hetos                              Het9-n2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                Het2u                             Hetu-=u





9.        u語基女性 Femiline變化表



Tanu (女性 Femiline名詞) 身體

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      Tanu-s                            Tanavas

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          Tano                               Tanavas

業格 Accusative (Object)                        Tanu-m                           Tan9-s

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  Tanv-2                            Tanu-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                Tanv-e, Tanv-2i             Tanu-bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               Tanos, Tanv-2s             Tanu-bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   Tanos, Tanv-2s             Tan9-n2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                Tan2u, Tanv-2m            Tanu-=u



10.    9語基女性 Femiline變化表



Tan9 (女性 Femiline名詞) 身體

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      Tan9-s                            Tanv-as  

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          Tan9                               Tanv-as  

業格 Accusative (Object)                        Tan9-m                           Tan9-s

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  Tanv-2                            Tan9-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                Tanv-2i                           Tan9-bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               Tanv-2s                          Tan9-bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   Tanv-2s                          Tan9-n2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                Tanv-2m                         Tan9-=u





11.    4語基女性 Femiline變化表



M2t4 (女性 Femiline名詞) 母

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      M2t2                               M2tar-as

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          M2tas                             M2tar-as        

業格 Accusative (Object)                        M2tar-am                       im2t}-s            

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  M2tr-2                             M2t4-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                M2tr-e                             M2t4-bhis

從格 Ablative (from)                               M2tr-as                           M2t4-bhis

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   M2tr-as                           M2t}-52m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                M2tr-i                              M2t4-=u





父音語基變化

1.          一樣語基變化表



Di0 (女性 Femiline名詞) 方角

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      Dik                                  Di0-as            

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          Dik                                  Di0-as

業格 Accusative (Object)                        Di0-am                           Di0-as

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  Di0-2                               Dig-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                Di0-e                               Dig-bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               Di0-as                             Dig-bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   Di0-as                             Di0-2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                Di0-i                                Dik-=u





Tejas (中性 Neuter名詞) 威光

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      Tejas                               Tej23=i

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          Tejas                              Tej23=i  

業格 Accusative (Object)                        Tejas                               Tej23=i

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  Tejas-2                           Tejo-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                Tejas-e                           Tejo-bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               Tejas-as                         Tejo-bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   Tejas-as                         Tejas-2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                Tejas-i                            Teja`-=u





Kira5in (男性 Masculine名詞)

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      Kira51                              Kira5in-as

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          Kira5in                          Kira5in-as

業格 Accusative (Object)                        Kira5in-am                     Kira5in-as

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  Kira5in-2                        Kira5i-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                Kira5in-e                        Kira5i-bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               Kira5in-as                      Kira5i-bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   Kira5in-as                      Kira5y-2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                Kira5in-i                         Kira5i-=u





Kira5in (中性 Neuter名詞)

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      Kira5i                              Kira5in-i

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          Kira5i                              Kira5in-i

業格 Accusative (Object)                        Kira5i                              Kira5in-i

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  Kira5ia-2                        Kira5i-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                Kira5in-e                        Kira5i-bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               Kira5in-as                      Kira5i-bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   Kira5in-as                      Kira5y-2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                Kira5in-i                         Kira5i-=u



女性 Femiline語基是 Kira5in-1.  1 語基女性 Femiline變化.



2.          二樣語基變化表



2tman (男性 Masculine名詞) 自我

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      2tm2                               2tm2n-as                

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          2tm2n                             2tm2n-as

業格 Accusative (Object)                        2tm2n-2m                      2tman-as

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  2tman-2                          2tma-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                2tman-e                          2tma-bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               2tman-as                        2tma-bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   2tman-as                        2tman-2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                2tman-i                           2tman-2m





Karman (中性 Neuter名詞) 業

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      Karma                            Karm25-i                

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          Karma, Karman            Karm25-i

業格 Accusative (Object)                        Karma                            Karm25-i

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  Karma5-2                       Karma-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                Karman-e                       Karma-bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               Karman-as                     Karma-bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   Karman-as                 Karman-2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                Karman-i                        Karman-2m





Mahat (男性 Masculine形容詞)

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      Mahan (t + s)                 Mahant-as            

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          Mahan                            Mahant-as

業格 Accusative (Object)                        Mahant-am                    Mahat-as

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  Mahat-2                          Mahad-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                Mahat-e                          Mahad-bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               Mahat-as                        Mahad-bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   Mahat-as                        Mahat-2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                Mahat-i                           Mahat-su



Mahat (中性 Neuter形容詞)

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      Mahat                            Mahant-i        

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          Mahat                             Mahant-i

業格 Accusative (Object)                        Mahat                             Mahant-i

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  Mahat-2                          Mahad-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                Mahat-e                          Mahad-bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               Mahat-as                        Mahad-bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   Mahat-as                        Mahat-2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                Mahat-i                           Mahat-su





Bhagavat (男性 Masculine形容詞) 尊貴

                 (男性 Masculine名詞)   尊者

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      Bhagav2n (t + s)           Bhagavant-as  

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          Bhagavan                      Bhagavant-as

業格 Accusative (Object)                        Bhagavant-am              Bhagavat-as

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  Bhagavat-2                    Bhagavad-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                Bhagavat-e                    Bhagavad-bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               Bhagavat-as                  Bhagavad-bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   Bhagavat-as                  Bhagavat-2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                Bhagavat-i                     Bhagavat-su





Bhagavat (中性 Neuter形容詞) 尊貴

                 (中性 Neuter名詞)   尊者

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      Bhagavat                      Bhagavant-i          

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          Bhagavat                       Bhagavant-i

業格 Accusative (Object)                        Bhagavat                       Bhagavant-i

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  Bhagavat-2                    Bhagavad-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                Bhagavat-e                    Bhagavad-bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               Bhagavat-as                  Bhagavad-bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   Bhagavat-as                  Bhagavat-2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                Bhagavat-i                     Bhagavat-su





3.          三樣語基變化表



R2jan (男性 Masculine名詞) 王

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      R2j2                                R2j2n-as                

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          R2jan                             R2j2n-as

業格 Accusative (Object)                        R2j2n-am                       R2j#-as

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  R2j#-2                            R2ja-bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                R2j#-e                            R2ja-bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               R2j#-as                          R2ja-bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   R2j#-as                          R2j#-2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                R2j#-i,(R2jan-i)             R2ja-su





R2ja (男性 Masculine名詞) 王

                                                                                單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      R2ja-s                            R2j2s              

呼格 Vocation (calling, addressing)          R2ja                                R2j2s

業格 Accusative (Object)                        R2ja-m                           R2j2n

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  R2jena                           R2j2is

為格 Dative (to, for)                                R2j2ya                           R2jebhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               R2j2t                               R2jebhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   R2jasya                         R2j2n2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                R2je                                R2je=u





人稱代名詞變化

第一人稱:mat 我,   asmat 我等

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      aham                              vayam            

業格 Accusative (Object)                        m2m, m2                        asm2n, nas

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  may2                              asm2bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                mahyam, me                 asmabhyam, nas

從格 Ablative (from)                               mat                                  asmat

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   mama, me                      asm2kam, nas

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                mayi                                asm2su

        



第二人稱:tvat 汝 ,  yu=mat 汝等

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      tvam                                y9yam            

業格 Accusative (Object)                        tv2m, tv2                        yu=m2n, vas

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  tvay2                               yu=m2bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                tubhyam, te                    yu=mabhyam, vas

從格 Ablative (from)                               tvat                                 yu=mat

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   tava, te                           yu=m2kam, vas

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                tvayi                                yu=m2su



第三人稱:tat 彼,男性 Masculine  

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      sas                                  te            

業格 Accusative (Object)                        tam                                  t2n

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  tena                                t2is

為格 Dative (to, for)                                tasm2i                            tebhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               tasm2t                            tebhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   tasya                               te=2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                tasmin                            te=u





第三人稱:tat 彼,中性 Neuter  

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      tat                                    t2ni          

業格 Accusative (Object)                        tat                                    t2ni

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  tena                                t2is

為格 Dative (to, for)                                tasm2i                            tebhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               tasm2t                            tebhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   tasya                               te=2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                tasmin                            te=u





第三人稱:tat 彼,女性 Femiline  

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      s2                                    t2s  

業格 Accusative (Object)                        t2m                                  t2s

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  tay2                                 t2bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                tasy2i                              t2bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               tasy2s                             t2bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   tasy2s                             tas2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                tas=2m                           t2su





指示代名詞變化表

idam, :this here.

男性 Masculine

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      ayam                              ime          

業格 Accusative (Object)                        imam                              im2n

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  anena                             ebhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                asm2i                             ebhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               asm2t                             ebhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   asya                                e=2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                asmin                             e=u





idam, :this here.

中性 Neuter

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      idam                               im2ni              

業格 Accusative (Object)                        idam                               im2ni

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  anena                             ebhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                asm2i                             ebhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               asm2t                             ebhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   asya                                e=2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                asmin                             e=u





idam, :this here.

女性 Femiline

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      iyam                                im2s                

業格 Accusative (Object)                        im2m                              im2s

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  anay2                             abhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                asy2i                               2bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               asy2s                              2bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   asy2s                              2s2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                asy2m                            2su





關係代名詞變化表

yat : who, which, what

                                男性 Masculine

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      yas                                  ye            

業格 Accusative (Object)                        yam                                 y2n

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  yena                               y2is

為格 Dative (to, for)                                yasm2i                            yebhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               yasm2t                            yebhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   yasya                              ye=2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                yasmiu                            ye=u

                



yat : who, which, what

                        中性 Neuter

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      yat                                   y2ni        

業格 Accusative (Object)                        yat                                   y2ni

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  yena                               y2is

為格 Dative (to, for)                                yasm2i                            yebhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               yasm2t                            yebhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   yasya                              ye=2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                yasmiu                            ye=u





yat : who, which, what

                        女性 Femiline

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

主格 Nominative (Subject)                      y2                                    y2s  

業格 Accusative (Object)                        y2m                                 y2s

具格 Instrumental  (by, with)                  yay2                                y2bhis

為格 Dative (to, for)                                yas2i                               y2bhyas

從格 Ablative (from)                               yasy2s                            y2bhyas

屬格 Genitive (of)                                   yasy2s                            y2s2m

於格 Locative (in, at, onto, on)                yasy2m                           y2su





動詞變化表



(I)第1種動詞:       bhu        存在

                        為他 (he makes table)語尾     bhava-ti  (3rd person單數 Singular)

                        為己 (table is made)語尾        bhava-te (3rd person單數 Singular)

        

                現實法現在 Present Indicative

                                為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        bhav2-mi                        bhav2-mas

2nd person       bhava-si                         bh2va-tha

3rd person        bhava-ti                          bhav-anti

為己 (table is made)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        bhav-e                            bhavn-mahe

2nd person       bhava-se                        bhava-dhve

3rd person        bhava-te                         bhav-ante





命令法 Imperative

                                為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        bhav-2ni                         bhav-2ma

2nd person       bhava                             bhava-ta

3rd person        bhava-tu                         bhav-antu

為己 (table is made)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        bhav-2i                           bhav-2mah2i

2nd person       bhava-sva                      bhava-dhvam

3rd person        bhava-t2m                     bhav-ant2m



(II)    第2種動詞:        stu           稱讚

為他 (he makes table)語尾     st2uti (3rd person單數 Singular)

                        為己 (table is made)語尾        stute  (3rd person單數 Singular)



現實法現在 Present Indicative

                                為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        st2u-mi                           stu-mas

2nd person       st2u-=i                            stu-tha

3rd person        st2u-ti                             stv-anti

為己 (table is made)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        stv-e                                stu-mahe

2nd person       stu-=e                             stu-dhve

3rd person        stu-te                              stv-ate





命令法 Imperative

                                為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        st2v-2ni                          st2v-2ma

2nd person       stu-hi                              stu-ta

3rd person        st2u-tu                            stv-antu

為己 (table is made)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        st2v-2i                            st2v-2mah2i

2nd person       stu-sva                           stu-dhvam

3rd person        stu-t2m                           stv-at2m





(III)   第3種動詞:        d2            

為他 (he makes table)語尾     dad2ti (3rd person單數 Singular)

                        為己 (table is made)語尾        datte  (3rd person單數 Singular)



現實法現在 Present Indicative

                                為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        dad2-mi                          dad-mas

2nd person       dad2-si                           dat-tha

3rd person        dad2-ti                            dad-ati

為己 (table is made)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        dad-e                              dad-mahe

2nd person       dat-se                             dad-dhve

3rd person        dat-te                              dad-ate





命令法 Imperative

                                為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        dad2ni                            dad2ma

2nd person       dad-dhi                           dat-ta

3rd person        dad2-tu                           dad-atu

為己 (table is made)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        dad2i                              dad2mah2i

2nd person       dat-sva                           dad-dhvam

3rd person        dat-t2m                           dad-at2m





(IV)  第4種動詞:        tu=           歡喜                

為他 (he makes table)語尾     tu=yati (3rd person單數 Singular)

        

現實法現在 Present Indicative

                                為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        tu=y2-mi                         tu=y2mas

2nd person       tu=ya-si                          tu=yatha

3rd person        tu=ya-ti                           tu=yanti





命令法 Imperative

                                為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        tu=y2ni                           tu=y2ma

2nd person       tu=ya                               tu=yata

3rd person        tu=yatu                           tu=yantu





                                        sa3-pad         成就

為己 (table is made)語尾        sa3-padyate (3rd person單數 Singular)



現實法現在 Present Indicative

                        為己 (table is made)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        sa3-padye                    sa3-pady2mahe

2nd person       sa3-padyase                sa3-padyadhve

3rd person        sa3-padyate                 sa3-padyante





命令法 Imperative

                                為己 (table is made)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        sa3-pady2i                   sa3-pady2mah2i

2nd person       sa3-padya                    sa3-padyedhvam

3rd person        sa3-padyat2m              sa3-padyant2m





(V)   第5種動詞:        2p            

                        為他 (he makes table)語尾     2pnoti (3rd person單數 Singular)



現實法現在 Present Indicative

                                為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        2pno-mi                          2pnu-mas

2nd person       2pno-=i                           2pnu-tha

3rd person        2pno-ti                            2pnv-anti

命令法 Imperative

                                為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        2pnav-2ni                      2pnav-2ma

2nd person       2pnu-hi                           2pnu-ta

3rd person        2pno-tu                           2pnv-antu





(VI)  第6種動詞:        muc

為他 (he makes table)語尾     mu#cati   (3rd person單數 Singular)

                        為己 (table is made)語尾        mu#cate  (3rd person單數 Singular)



現實法現在 Present Indicative

                                為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        mu#c2mi                        mu#c2mas

2nd person       mu#casi                         mu#catha

3rd person        mu#cati                          mu#canti

為己 (table is made)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        mu#ce                            mu#c2mahe

2nd person       mu#case                        mu#cadhve

3rd person        mu#cate                         mu#cante





命令法 Imperative

                                為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        mu#c2ni                         mu#c2ma

2nd person       mu#ca                            mu#cata

3rd person        mu#catu                         mu#cantu

為己 (table is made)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        mu#c2i                           mu#c2ma

2nd person       mu#ca                            mu#cata

3rd person        mu#catu                         mu#cantu

為己 (table is made)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        mu#c2i                           mu#c2mah2i

2nd person       mu#casva                      mu#cadhvam

3rd person        mu#cat2m                      mu#cant2m





(VII) 第7種動詞:        bha#j, bha3j         破壞                

                        為他 (he makes table)語尾     bhanakti (3rd person單數 Singular)



現實法現在 Present Indicative

                                為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        bhanag-mi                     bha{g-mas

2nd person       bhanak-=i                       bha{k-tha

3rd person        bhanak-ti                        bha{g-anti



命令法 Imperative

為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        bhanag-2ni                    bhanag-2ma

2nd person       bha{g-dhi                      bha{k-ta

3rd person        bhanak-tu                      bha{g-antu





(VIII) 第8種動詞:      k4             作為

為他 (he makes table)語尾     karoti (3rd person單數 Singular)

                        為己 (table is made)語尾        kurute  (3rd person單數 Singular)



現實法現在 Present Indicative

                                為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        karo-mi                           kur-mas

2nd person       karo-=i                            kuru-tha

3rd person        karo-ti                             kurv-anti

為己 (table is made)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        kurv-e                             kur-mahe

2nd person       kuru-=e                           kuru-dhve

3rd person        kuru-te                            kurv-ate





命令法 Imperative

                                為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        karav-25i                        karav-2ma

2nd person       kuru                                kuru-ta

3rd person        karo-tu                            kurv-antu





為己 (table is made)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        karav-2i                          karav-2mah2i

2nd person       kuru-=u                           kuru-dhvam

3rd person        kuru-t2m                         kurv-at2m





(IX) 第9種動詞:        grah                

為他 (he makes table)語尾     g4h52ti (3rd person單數 Singular)

                        為己 (table is made)語尾        g4h51te  (3rd person單數 Singular)



現實法現在 Present Indicative

                                為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        g4h52-mi                        g4h5i-mas

2nd person       g4h52-=i                         g4h5i-tha

3rd person        g4h52-ti                          g4h5-anti

為己 (table is made)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        g4h5-e                            g4h51-mahe

2nd person       g4h51-=e                         g4h51-dhve

3rd person        g4h51-te                          g4h5-ate





命令法 Imperative

                                為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        g4h52ni                          g4h52ma

2nd person       g4h25a                           g4h5i-ta

3rd person        g4h52-tu                         g4h5-antu

為己 (table is made)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        g4h52i                             g4h52mah2i

2nd person       g4h51-sva                       g4h5i-dhvam

3rd person        g4h51-t2m                       g4h5-at2m





(X) 第10種動詞:       mok=              

為他 (he makes table)語尾     mok=ayati  (3rd person單數 Singular)

                        為己 (table is made)語尾        mok=ayate  (3rd person單數 Singular)



現實法現在 Present Indicative

                                為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        mok=ay2mi                    mok=ay2mas

2nd person       mok=ayasi                     mok=ayatha

3rd person        mok=ayati                      mok=ayanti

為己 (table is made)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        mok=aye                        mok=ay2mhe

2nd person       mok=ayase                    mok=ayadhe

3rd person        mok=ayate                     mok=ayante





命令法 Imperative

                                為他 (he makes table)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        mok=ay2ui                     mok=ay2ma

2nd person       mok=aya                        mok=ayata

3rd person        mok=ayatu                     mok=ayantu

為己 (table is made)

單數 Singular                  複數 Plural

1st person        mok=ay2i                       mok=ay2mah2i

2nd person       mok=ayasva                  mok=ayadhvam

3rd person        mok=ayat2m                  mok=ayant2m







                以上的梵文文法變化,出自於「金胎兩部真言解集」吉田惠弘著。
级别: 管理员
只看该作者 168 发表于: 2011-03-01
往生淨土神咒  


Namo Amit2bh2ya, Tath2gat2ya. Tadyath2, O3! Am4tod-bhave, am4ta- siddha3-bhave, am4ta-vi-kr2nte, am4ta-vi-kr2nta-g2mini, gagana-k1rta-kare sv2h2.

向 無量光如來,歸命呀!即說咒曰:O3!在甘露的生起中,在甘露的生成中,

在不死的勇猛中,在證入不死的勇猛中,虛空在作讚嘆中,sv2h2.

  

Namas (名,中):歸命 (梵P.g.658)

Namas (名,中,呼,單):歸命呀!

Amit2bha(名,男):無量光,阿彌陀(梵P.g.120)

Amit2bh2ya(名,男,為,單):向 無量光

根據sandhi rules,Namas Amit2bh2ya-->Namo ‘mit2bh2ya,但為了方便念誦,這裡不跟從。

  

Tath2gata(名,男):如來(梵P.g.522)

Tath2gat2ya(名,男,為,單):向 如來, to Tath2gata

  

Tadyath2:所謂(梵P.g.524)(注:玄奘法師翻譯成「即說咒曰」)

O3(聖字):極讚,祈念,祈禱文之開始之時。(梵P.g.303)

  

Am4ta(名,男):不死,甘露(梵P.g.121)

  

ut:a particle of doubt or deliberation( A Sanskrit English Dictionary-p.g 175),懷疑或故意的副詞,有點像英文的 up (起來)的意思。

  

bhava(名,男):生,生者,有,諸有(梵P.g.949)

bhave(名,男,於,單):在生中

Am4ta - ut -bhave--根據sandhi rules-->Am4tod-bhave(名,男,於,單):在甘露的生起中

  

siddha(過受分->形):成,成就,得成(梵P.g.1469)

siddha3(形,主,單):成(主動)

  

vi-kr2nta(名,中):勇氣,勇猛(梵P.g.1201)

vi-kr2nte(名,中,於,單):在勇猛中

  

g2min(形):行,證,令入,向,去,通達(梵P.g.424)

g2mini(形,於,單):在證入中

  

gagana(名,男):虛空,空,天空(梵P.g.409)

k1rti(名,女):讚嘆,稱讚(梵P.g.351)

k1rta(名,男):讚嘆,稱讚  注:「梵和大辭典」沒有k1rta 這字, 相信是「梵和大辭典」 遺缺了. 動詞 k1rt:讚, 梵P.g.351,可見是有k1rta 這字。

  

kara(形):作,發,生(梵P.g.317)

kare(形,於,單):在作中

  

Sv2h2(不變詞):祈禱之終的用詞(梵P.g.1544)
级别: 管理员
只看该作者 169 发表于: 2011-03-01
一切如來心祕密全身舍利寶篋印陀羅尼

  

譯自: 大正藏1022A--「一切如來心祕密全身舍利寶篋印陀羅尼經」--不空三藏法師譯

  
        對照參考:「房山石經版一切如來心」--房山石經-釋教最上乘祕密臧陀羅尼集P.g.25。

  

1.     娜莫悉 怛哩野(四合) 地尾(二合)迦南 薩婆 怛他(引)[薛/木]多南

        Namas  try-a        dhvik2n23   sarva- Tath2gat2n23

        諸三世的、              一切諸如來的歸命呀!

  

Namas (名,中):歸命 (梵P.g.658)

Namas (名,中,呼,單):歸命呀!

  

tri(數):三(梵P.g.554)

adhvika(形):世(梵P.g.40)

tri-adhvika--根據sandhi rules-->try-adhvika(形):三世

try-adhvik2n23(形,屬,複):諸三世的

  

Sarva (形,男,複):一切的(梵P.g.1441) , all

Tath2gata(名,男):如來(梵P.g.522)

Tath2gat2n23(名,男,屬,複):諸如來的

  

        這句子和「房山石經版一切如來心」一樣。


  

2.        唵     部尾    婆[口*縛]娜  [口*縛][口*梨]   [口*縛]  者[口*梨]  者  者[齒*來](知皆反)

        O3!  Bhuvi-  bhavana-      vari                          v2       cari         ca   ca62i`.

O3!    若所行又具備諸生起的、最勝的地界宮殿呀!

  

O3(聖字):極讚,祈念,祈禱文之開始之時。(梵P.g.303)

        注:O3 字是無法解釋的,是佛與佛之間的語言,其意思只有佛才知道。因此無法解釋其意思。但能念誦正確的梵音,即可使念誦者得到不可思議的功效。  

Bhuvi-=6ha(形):地面上建立的事物(梵P.g.966)

bhuvana(中):世界,地界(梵P.g.965)

bhuvi(中):世界,地界,地面上,地界上

注:「梵和大辭典」沒有bhuvi的直接解釋,總合 Bhuvi-=6ha及bhuvana的意思,可推測bhuvi是「世界,地界,地面上,地界上」的意思。

  

bhavana(名,中):宮殿,住處(梵P.g.950)

vara(形):最上,最勝(梵P.g.1173)

var1(形,女):最上,最勝

vari(形,女,呼,單):最上呀! 最勝呀!

  

v2(不變詞):或,若,及(梵P.g.1187)

  

cari(名,女):行,所行(梵P.g.463)

  

ca(接詞):或,及,又(梵P.g.451)

  

ca6(第一種動詞):生,起(梵P.g.454)

ca6ati(第一種動詞,現在法,為他,單):現生起

ca6a(名):生起                

注:梵文文法裡,現在法的詞在變成命令法時,可以變成名詞。

ca62is(名,具,複):具備諸生起

ca62is--根據sandhi rules-->ca62i`

這句子在「房山石經版一切如來心」是:O3!  Bhuvi-bhavana-vare  v2  care  ca  ca62i`. 句子意思一樣。

男性的「vara」可以變成女性的「var2」或「var1」;「var2」的呼格是「vare」;「var1」的呼格是「vari」。所以「vare」=「vari」。同樣的情況發生在「care」=「cari」。


  

3.     祖魯 祖魯 馱囉  馱囉   薩[口*縛] 怛佗[薛/木]多  馱(引)都 馱[口*梨] 缽蹋[牟*含](二合)

婆  [口*縛]底

        Culu culu, dhara dhara,    sarva-    tath2gata-     dh2tu-  dhari,    padma3

        bhavati

        掌呀!掌呀!執持呀!執持呀!執持一切如來舍利呀! 現作為蓮花

        (形容一切如來舍利,如蓮花般地被掌持、執持。)

  

culuka(名,男又中):掌(梵P.g.477)

culu(名,男又中):掌        

注:在梵文文法裡,「ka」加在原字後面並沒有影響原字的意思。


culo(名,男,呼,單):掌呀!

注:雖然「culo」的呼格會比較正確,但是「culu」比較順口,所以用回「culu」。

  

dhara(形):持,任持,受持,執持(梵P.g.630)

dhara(形,呼,單):執持呀!

  

Sarva (形,男,複):一切的(梵P.g.1441) , all

Tath2gata(名,男):如來(梵P.g.522)

dh2tu(名,男):身界,舍利,根性(梵P.g.641)

  

dhara(形):持,任持,受持,執持(梵P.g.630)

Dhar1(形,女):持,任持,受持,執持

Dhari(形,女,呼,單):受持呀!,執持呀!

sarva-tath2gata-dh2tu-dhari(形,女,呼,單):執持一切如來舍利呀!

  

padma(名,男):蓮花(梵P.g.733)

padma3(名,男,業,單):蓮花(被動)

bh9(第一種動詞):成,為,作,有,出,現(梵P.g.966)

bhavati(第一種動詞,現在法,為他,單):現成,現為,現作,

  

這句子在「房山石經版一切如來心」是:Culu culu, dhara dhara, sarva-tath2gata-dh2tu- dhare,    padma3 bhavati. 句子意思一樣。

男性的「dhara」可以變成女性的「dhar2」或「dhar1」;「dhar2」的呼格是「dhare」;「dhar1」的呼格是「dhari」。所以「dhare」=「dhari」。

  

4.          惹也[口*縛]犁  畝祖犁 薩麼(二合)囉  怛佗[薛/木]多 達摩 斫迦囉(二合)

       缽囉(二合) 靺[口*栗]哆(二合)娜

Jaya-vari,      mucuri,    smara,      tath2gata- dharma- cakra      

        pra-vartana.

        勝妙呀!       解脫呀! 億念呀!      如來法輪流布呀!

  

Jaya(形):勝,勝利(梵P.g.493)

         vara(形):妙,上妙,第一,最勝(梵P.g.1173)

        var1(形,女):妙,上妙,第一,最勝

        vari(形,女,呼,單):妙呀!最勝呀!

Jaya-vari(形,女,呼,單):勝妙呀!

  

        muc(第四種動詞):解脫,脫,解,開,放,捨除(梵P.g.1047)

  

         mucuri在「房山石經-釋教最上乘祕密臧陀羅尼集」的「一切如來心」(p.g25)是「母祖黎」,音譯是mucure。 Mucuri和mucure只是在文法上有差異,原字應該是mucura。不管是Mucuri,mucure還是mucura,「梵和大辭典」都沒有。

  

      有人把mucuri譯成mudri。mudri是不對的,因為:

l          「祖」是「cu」的音,不可能是「da」。

l          「dri」是「二合」,但是「祖犁」及「祖黎」都沒有「二合」。

l          「房山石經-釋教最上乘祕密臧陀羅尼集」的「一切如來心」(p.g25)裡頭的「祖」字旁還有梵字「cu」。可見mudri是不對的。

  

       筆者認為mucura是有這字的。「梵和大辭典」缺失了。它應該是從muc(第四種動詞)來的。意思應該是「解脫,捨除」

  

         mucura(名,男):解脫,捨除

        mucur1(名,女):解脫,捨除

        mucuri(名,女,呼,單):解脫呀!

  

smara(名,男):億念,念(梵P.g.1528)

smara(名,男,呼,單):億念呀!

  

Tath2gata(名,男):如來(梵P.g.522)

dharma-cakra(名,中):法輪(梵P.g.632)

        pra-vartana(形):生,起,進,流布(梵P.g.870)

         pra-vartana(形,呼,單):流布呀!

這句子在「房山石經版一切如來心」是:Jaya-vare, mucure,    smara,      tath2gata- dharma- cakra  pra-mardana 句子意思一樣。

  

男性的「vara」可以變成女性的「var2」或「var1」;「var2」的呼格是「vare」;「var1」的呼格是「vari」。所以「vare」=「vari」。同樣的情況發生在「mucure」=「mucuri」。

  

  

5.     [口*縛]日哩(二合[(禾*ㄉ)/牛]音)  冒地   滿拏   楞 迦(引)囉(引)  楞 訖哩(二合)諦

Vajri-                                              bodhi-ma57a-ala3-k2ra-    ala3-    k4te.

金剛菩提場的莊嚴具,在莊嚴中。

  

Vajra(名,中):金剛(梵P.g.1165)

Vajr1(名,女):金剛

bodhi(名,男):菩提(梵P.g.932)

ma57a(名,男):座,場(梵P.g.987)

ala3-k2ra(名,男):莊嚴,莊嚴具(梵P.g.134)

  

ala3-k4ta(過受分-->形):莊嚴(梵P.g.134)

ala3-k4te(形,於,單):在莊嚴中

        注:根據sandhi rules, ma57a-ala3-k2ra-ala3應該變成ma572la3-k2r2la3。但是為了方便念誦,羅馬字不跟從。

  

這句子在「房山石經版一切如來心」是:vajre- bodhi-ma57a-ala3-k2ra- ala3- k4te.句子意思一樣。

  

        男性的「vajra」可以變成女性的「vajr2」或「vajr1」;「vajr2」的呼格是「vajre」;「vajr1」的呼格是「vajri」。所以「vajre」=「vajri」。

  

6.       薩[口*縛]  怛他蘗多(引) 地瑟恥(二合下同)諦

Sarva-     Tath2gata-          adhi=6hite.

一切如來在住持中。

  

Sarva (形,男,複):一切的(梵P.g.1441) , all

Tath2gata(名,男):如來(梵P.g.522)

  

Sth2(第一種動詞):止,住,立,坐(梵P.g.1514)

Adhi=6hita(過受分-->形):建立,住持(梵P.g.1515)

Adhi=6hite(形,於,單):在住持中

注:根據sandhi rules, Tath2gata-adhi=6hite.應該變成Tath2gat2dhi=6hite.。但是為了方便念誦,羅馬字不跟從。

  

這句子和「房山石經版一切如來心」一樣。

 

 

7.           冒馱野    冒馱野  

Bodhaya  bodhaya.

請您一定要(命令)使之覺知,請您一定要(命令)使之覺知。

(這裡是念誦者祈求一切如來使眾生覺知。)

  

budh(第一種動詞):覺,能知,了知,成,成佛(梵P.g.929)

bodhayati(第一種動詞,使役法,為他,第三人稱,單):使覺知,使覺醒

bodhaya(第一種動詞,使役法又命令法,為他,第二人稱,單):請您一定要(命令)使之覺知

  

        這句子和「房山石經版一切如來心」一樣。

 

  

8.           冒地   冒地   沒[亭*夜]  沒[亭*夜]  參  冒馱耶       參   冒馱野

Bodhi  bodhi,  budhya      budhya;  sa3 bodhaya,  sa3 bodhaya.

菩提呀!菩提呀!請您一定要(命令)覺知,請您一定要(命令)覺知;請您一定要(命令)使之一同覺知,請您一定要(命令)使之一同覺知。

  

bodha(名,男):菩提(梵P.g.932)

bodh1(名,女):菩提

bodhi(名,女,呼,單):菩提呀!

      

        budh(第一種動詞):覺,能知,了知,成,成佛(梵P.g.929)

        budhyati(第一種動詞,現在法,為他,第三人稱,單):現覺知

        budhya(第一種動詞,命令法,為他,第二人稱,單):請您一定要(命令)覺知

  

        sa3(接頭詞):一起,一同,together

  

budh(第一種動詞):覺,能知,了知,成,成佛(梵P.g.929)

bodhayati(第一種動詞,使役法,為他,第三人稱,單):使覺知,使覺醒

bodhaya(第一種動詞,使役法又命令法,為他,第二人稱,單):請您一定要(命令)使之覺知

  

這句子在「房山石經版一切如來心」是:Bodhi  bodhi,  budhya budhya;  sa3 bodhani  sa3 bodhaya. 菩提呀!菩提呀!請您一定要(命令)覺知,請您一定要(命令)覺知;一同覺醒呀!請您一定要(命令)使之一同覺知。

  

  
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